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Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Draw an Example Diverse Uniform 2 1 Offspring Parents PRIMARY SUCCESSION Bare Rock Need Pioneer Species (lichen/mosses) More Stages Take Longer Ends with Climax Community SECONDARY SUCCESSION Soil Present Occurs after catastrophic event Fewer Stages Takes Less Time Ends with Climax Community 3. Each biome has unique environmental conditions and resources to which the organisms have evolved to survive. The organisms have adaptations specific to the confidtions and resources available within the biomes they live in. 4. What allows organisms to survive in their environment? Adaptations 5. Why is biodiversity important? Biodiversity is important because it helps create a balanced ecosystem (community), increases food/shelter/mate etc. choices for the organisms. 6. Indicate whether biodiversity may increase or decrease for each scenario below: Replanting of several native species: Replanting only 1 native species: Protection of endangered species: Introduction of an invasive species: Increase Decrease Increase Decrease What process drives adaptations? Does this usually happen quickly or over time? The process of Evolution by Natural Selection – usually happens slowly, states that the best adapted survive to hopefully reproduce and pass the adaptations onto their offspring 7. Sustainability is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain equilibrium. An ecosystem’s ability to continue to exist and thrive. 10. Place a check mark in each box that applies to the substances listed. Substance FeO4 CO2 C2H4O C10H13N5O4 NaCl MgSO4 O2 C6H12O6 C4H5N3O Element X Molecule Compound Organic X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 11. Organic compounds contain aat least one Carbon atom bonded to a Hydrogen atom. Inorganic compounds may contain either Carbon or Hydrogen, but not both. 12. Neuron >> Nerve >> Brain >> Nervous System Red Blood Cell >> Blood >> Blood Vessel >> Circulatory System Cell >> Tissue >> Organ >> Organ System >> Organism 13. Explain how the digestive system, muscular system, and the circulatory system work together to supply all cells with the nutrients they need to function properly, INCLUDE the role the villi play in this process. The digestive system mechanically and chemically breaksdown food into small molecule that the body can use, muscle line the digestive system organs and move the food materials through the system with peristalsis, Once the molecules are small enough for the cells to use they are absorbed by the villi in the small intestine and passed into the circulatory system to be transported throughout the body. 14. Explain how the respiratory system, circulatory system, integumentary system, excretory system, and the digestive system work to remove waste from your body. The respiratory system receives carbon dioxide gas form the circulatory system which is released form your body when you exhale. The circulatory system picks up carbon dioxide and other waste from all cells in the body. The excretory system filters the blood in the kidneys removing waste and forming urine which is sent to the urinary bladder to be stored until your body expels it. The digestive system releases solid waste in the form of feces. Feces is the food materials tha our body could not digest. Finally the integumentary releases small amounts of excess salt and other waste with sweat. 15. Explain how the endocrine system and the reproductive system work together to ensure the survival of a species. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to coordinate and control the activities of the body. The endocrine system receives direction from the nervous system then uses chemical signals called hormones to coordinate growth and other specific activities of the body systems. 16. Explain the difference between a response and a stimulus. Explain the difference between an external stimulus and an internal stimulus. A stimulus is a change in the environment that causes a response. A response is the reaction / action taken due to a stimulus. An internal stimulus comes from inside your body (hunger, thirst etc.) while and external stimulus comes from outside your body. 17. Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction – include number of parents, which increases diversity within a species, the material responsible for passing traits from parent to offspring, and whether offspring are identical or similar to the parents Asexual reproduction = 1 parent, no combining of genetic material therefore the offspring are identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction = 2 parents, combining of genetic material from 2 sources therefore the offspring are similar to parents but NOT identical to the parents. Sexual reproduction creates more variation / diversity within a species. Variation and diversity within a species usually increases a species change of survival. 18. Reproductive System facilitates the continuation of a species 19. Endocrine System uses hormones to help regulate the body’s activities 20. Excretory System filters waste from blood to be expelled from the body 21. Respiratory System acquires oxygen for the body and releases carbon dioxide 22. Circulatory System remove Carbon dioxide works with the above system to move oxygen to all cells and 23. breaks down large molecules so they can be absorbed by the body Digestive System 24. Nervous System activities 25. uses electrical impulses to control the body’s Integumentary System protects from infection and helps regulate body temperature 26. Complete the Chart Below STRUCTURE Nucleus Vacuole Lysosome Cell Wall Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Chloroplast Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) FUNCTION Control the activities of the cell Store water, food, some waste Breakdown molecules, waste Rigid, give support and shape Produces energy for the cell Synthesizes proteins Assembles molecules and transport them across the cell Transform radiant energy into chemical energy (glucose) Jellylike substance keeps cell organelles in place Surrounds the cells controls what enters and leaves the cell Packages materials to be exported out of cell BODY SYS or Organ Brain Urinary bladder, large intestine Liver, digestive system Skeletal System Digestive system, adrenaline Muscles Circulatory System (blood vessels) Digestive system Connective tissue (tendons, ligaments, mesentery) Alveoli, Digestive System Skin, Integumentary System Ecretory System, Large Intestine/Rectum 27. Evolution By Natural Selection “drive” adaptations. The best adapted survive to reproduce passing those adaptations onto their off spring. Usually happens over time. 28. What are the 3 main parts of The Cell Theory? 1) all living things are made of cells 2) all cells come form pre-existing cells, and 3) the cell is the basic complete unit of living things. 29. Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration – how are they alike? How are they different? They are chemical reactions that take place in cells and involve the transformation of energy. Although they use the same compounds the reactions are opposite from one another. Photosynthesis takes place in the cells of autotrophs, cellular respiration occurs in the cells of autotrophs and and heterotrophs. 30. Write out the chemical equation for Photosynthesis – label the products, reactants, describe the energy transformation that takes place, name the organelle that it takes place in: 6CO2 + 6H2O >>>> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Reactants Sunlight Products absorbed Radiant energy from the sun is absorbed by the chlorophyll in chloroplasts of plant cells and transformed into chemical energy called glucose (sugar). 31. Write out the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration – label the products, reactants, describe the energy transformation that takes place, name the organelle that it takes place in: C6H12O6 + 6O2 >>>> 6CO2 + 6H2O Reactants ATP (thermal energy) Products released Chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar) is transformed into ATP (thermal energy) in the mitochondrion of cells 32. Describe trait – include a definition, an example, the name of the molecule that codes for a trait and where the molecule is located in a cell. Traits are characteristics of organisms such as hair color, skin tone etc. Traits can be inherited or acquired. Inherited traits are passed down to offspring form parents and are coded for by genes. Genes are sections fo DNA that contain information about an organism. DNA makes up the chromosomes (chromatin) which is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Genetic material of prokaryotic cells is found in the cytoplasm. 32. Complete the chart below comparing and contrasting Animal vs. Plant Cells by placing an X in the appropriate column. Place X if the cell type contains the organelle. ORGANELLE Many Small Vacuoles One Large Vacuole Cell Wall Cell Membrane Chromosomes / DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria Chloroplast / Chlorophyll Endoplasmic Reticulum PLANT CELL X X X X X X X X X ANIMAL CELL X X X X X X X 33. What would happen to the spider population if the insectivorous bird population increased? The spider population will decrease (More birds eating them) 34. What would happen to the predaceous insect population if the toad population decreased? The predaceous insect population would increase (fewer toads eating them) 35. If the producers died out, what would happen to the food web? Without producers there would not be energy to fuel the rest of the ecosystem and it would collapse 35. What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Autotrophs can make their own food (Photosynthesis) and a Heterotroph can not make their own food and must rely on other organisms for energy. 36. 10%. The sun is the initial source of all energy on Earth 37. 38. 39. 40. Force Work Distance Motion 41. 42. 43. 44. Gravity Joules kilometers simple machines 45. 46. 47. Yes, because the pencil moved a distance in the direction of the applied force. No, because the car does not move. No, because the flag does not move. Succession Worksheet 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. B >> C >> A >> D B They will eventually die off because they will not have a good environment to build nests to reproduce. C D A