Download electrical circuit

2nd ESO - TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
WE USE CIRCUITS…
At Home
In Cities
In Industry
TYPES OF CIRCUITS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Elements move using electricity as
energy power.
PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
Elements move using compressed air
stored in a deposit.
HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
Elements use oil under pressure
from a pump.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

Electricity travels around a path. This path is an electrical circuit.
There is a source of electricity, and a continuous path from one side
of the source to the other side. In the image below, the source is a
battery.
Electricity travels from one battery
point, through the light and the
switch (which is “connected”, or
“closed”), and returns to the other
battery point. This path forms a
complete circuit.

An electrical circuit is a set of connected elements that allow the
circulation of an electrical current.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

There are five types of basic elements:
CONTROL ELEMENT
PROTECTION
ELEMENT
GENERATOR
CONDUCTORS
RECEIVER
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
THE GENERATOR: Produces and moves
electrical energy through the circuit.
Eg. batteries, alternators, dynamos, etc.
RECEIVERS: Receive electrical energy and
transform it into other types of energy; light,
sound, heat…
Eg. bulbs, motors, speakers, etc.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
CONDUCTORS: connect the generator with
the recievers. Eg. cable or wire
CONTROL ELEMENTS: connect and
disconnect different elements of the circuit.
Eg. switches & push switches, etc.
PROTECTION ELEMENTS: protect and
prevent damage to the circuit elements.
Eg. fuse, protection switches, etc.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS
PHOTO
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
GENERATORS
It generates electrical
current
Battery
PROTECTION ELEMENTS
Fuse
Protects
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS
RECEIVERS
Lamp
PHOTO
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
Converts electrical energy into light
Buzzer
Converts electrical energy into
sound
Motor
Converts electrical energy into
rotary motion
Resistor
It opposes the flow of an
electric current
Variable
Resistors
They change the strength of
the resistance
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS
PHOTO
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
CONTROL ELEMENTS
Switch
Opens or closes the
circuit
Push Switch
Opens or closes the
circuit
Single Pole Double Throw
Switches
Changes from one
part of a circuit to
another
EFFECTS OF THE ELECTRICITY
LIGHT
HEAT
Electricity makes the inside
of a bulb shine brightly.
Electricity helps people by
making heat.
Electricity makes movements
by making objects vibrate
MOVEMENT
and vice versa.
TYPES OF CIRCUITS

A series circuit
 It
is a path which forms one continuous loop; there can
be one or more devices in the path.
 If a wire breaks, the entire circuit stops working.

A parallel circuit
 It
is a path that branches; the electricity can follow more
than one branch, just like a river that splits into several
paths. Each path can have its own switch.
 If one of the paths breaks, the others will still work.
SERIES CIRCUIT

Here is a circuit with two bulbs. Notice how the bulbs
lie along the path of the electricity. The electric
current flows through one light bulb, and then the
other. This kind of path is called a series circuit. The
bulbs are said to be in a series. When you open the
switch, both bulbs turn off.
SERIES CIRCUIT

Here is a series circuit with a broken wire. The switch
is closed, but neither of the bulbs are lit up. This is
because the circuit has been broken. No electricity can
flow at all, because there is no complete path from
one pole of the battery to the other
A series circuit will stop if its
broken anywhere. But there is
another type of circuit that
can allow electricity to flow,
even if a wire is broken…
PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Here is a parallel circuit. Notice how the path that the
electricity can follow branches into three parts. The
electricity can choose any of the three paths. It will flow
through all three of them, just like a river will branch into
three streams.
In this example, the switch controls
all three lights at once. If you
open the switch, all the lights will
turn off at once. But what if you
wanted to turn off just one light ...
how would you do it?
PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Put switches on each of the branches in the parallel
circuit. In our example here, the electricity can flow
to both of the light bulbs. But one of the switches
has been opened, so that light is off. Even though
that path is broken the electricity can still follow the
other path, so the other bulb remains lit.
This means that a parallel
circuit with a break in it
could still work…
PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Here's a parallel circuit with a break. Notice that
one of the paths is broken. But there are still two
paths that the electricity can follow, so two of the
bulbs remain lit up.
Have a
nice day !