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Electricity Unit Overview Wednesday, April 1, 2015 Unit 9: Electricity Wednesday, 4/1 Take out your notes and retrieve a calculator for you open note quiz. Upcoming dates: Monday, 3/30 – Wednesday, 4/1 –arena scheduling window Monday, 3/30 – delayed start; 1st and 3rd periods only Monday, 3/30 – Wednesday, 4/1 –arena scheduling window Wednesday, 4/1 – delayed start; 2nd and 4th periods only Thursday, 4/2 – 5SW extra credit due by 4:30 Tuesday, 4/7 – open note quiz (DATE CHANGE) Tuesday, 4/7 – last day to turn in missing electricity assignments Thursday, 4/9 – Electricity test (grade will go on the 6SW) Friday, 4/10 – End of 5SW Quiz Motion of free charges No motion of free charges Unit Overview Types of Electricity Dynamic Direct Current (DC) Series Static Alternating Current (AC) Parallel Complex Electric Current The continuous flow of electrons through a conducting metal. Alternating Current Flow of current that periodically changes direction Produced in power plants Current from a wall outlet changes direction 120 times per second Direct Current The flow of current in one consistent direction Examples Batteries Solar cells Current from a battery travels from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. Common Language Note Taking Guide Quantity voltage current resistance Symbol Definition Unit Measuring Device Voltage Voltage (V) (also know as Potential Difference) can be thought of as the force pushing electric charges along a conductor. Voltage between two points creates an electric field. Measured in Volts (V) Voltmeter a device that measures electric potential difference, must be connected in parallel Current Electric current (I) is the movement of electric charge in a conductor. Measured in Amps (A) Ammeter a device that measures current attached in series Resistance Resistance (R) is a measure of how difficult it is to push the charges along. The energy is transformed at the resistor (potential energy is converted). Examples: light bulb, charging your phone, making coffee, etc. Measured in Ohms () Note Taking Guide Quantity Symbol Definition Unit Measuring Device voltage V Energy in the circuit Volts Voltmeter current I Rate of flow Amps Ammeter resistance R Opposes current OhmsΩ Ohmmeter Measuring voltage and Resistance On the back table there are circuit boards and multimeters (you can use as a voltmeter and an ohmmeter. Directions Part 1 Measure the voltage of the battery Turn the dial to 20 on the multi-meter (top left) Place one probe on the positive (+) end and one probe on the negative (-) end. Record the voltage Part 2 Measure the resistance of the resistors Turn the dial to 200 (bottom left) Place a probe on each side of the resistor Record the resistance for each resistor (green, blue, and red) Part 3 Using the items in your box create a circuit that will illuminate a bulb. Ohm’s Law Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor. Ohm's Law is given by: V = I * R Example A flashlight that is powered by 3 volts and uses a bulb with a resistance of 60 ohms. What is the current flowing through the circuit? Electrical Circuit Terminology Circuit – a path that allows electricity to flow Circuit diagram – a simplified representation of an electrical circuit that shows only the electrical connections of elements in a circuit. Complete circuit – a circuit with an unbroken path that allows electrons to flow. We will study two types of circuits: Series circuit Parallel circuit Practice Unit Overview Types of Electricity Dynamic Direct Current (DC) Series Static Alternating Current (AC) Parallel Complex Series Circuits Resistors can be connected in series; that is, the current flows through them one after another . Kirchhoff’s Rules Loop Rule: The sum of the potential differences (voltage) around any closed circuit loop is zero. Series Resistor Circuits 1. total resistance is the sum of the separate resistors RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... 2. current is the same through each resistor IT = I1 = I2 = I3 = ... 3. total potential difference is the sum of each VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + ... In other words, in a series circuit, resistance and voltage add, but current stays the same. Series Circuit Example