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9th Group : 최유경 최인기 윤철한 한성연 하민욱 1th 최인기 2nd 윤철한 3rd 하민욱 4th 최유경 5th 한성연 Any circuit with sources and resistors can be replaced by an equivalent circuit containing a single voltage source and a single resistor. 1.Break the part A-B There is no current through R1 because above calculations are done in an open circuit condition between A and B. Therefore no voltage drop along this part. 2.Calculate voltage between A and B 3.Reomove all the sources and calculate Req The equivalent circuit is a voltage source with voltage Vth in series with a resistance Req. Any Thevenin equivalent circuit can be replaced by a current source in parallel with a resistor. 1. Connect the part A-B Current starts to flow between A and B. 2.Calculate the current 3.Reomove all the sources and calculate Req the equivalent circuit is a 3.75 mA current source in parallel with a 2 kΩ resistor. Loading Effect Smaller the resistance Rs is, more voltage is transferred from a source to a load Loading Effect Bigger the resistance Rs is, more current is transferred from a source to a load Power Limiting In Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Rs Vs RL RL VL IL 1Ω 1V 1A 10Ω 10V 1A 1kΩ 10V 10mA 100kΩ 10V 100µA Maximun Power Consumption : 10W Rated Voltage : 10V => Rated Maximun Current : 1A As a load resistance is 1Ω, voltage of the above circuit is supposed to be 10V and current 10A and power consumption 100W. However, the power consumption is out of the maximum level then this circuit cannot work properly. It is called an overload. Therefore, to maintain the maximum power consumption, the current is supposed to be 1A and the voltage 1V in accordance with Ohm’s law. 12 10 10 1 V 8 0.1 6 0.01 I V(V) I(A) 4 0.001 2 0.0001 0 1E-05 1Ω 10Ω 1kΩ 100kΩ In accordance with the load resistance, voltage and current change. As the resistance is smaller than 10 Ω, the circuit is on the overload. Power Limiting In Norton Equivalent Circuit Is Rs RL RL IL VL 1Ω 10mA 0.01V 100Ω 10mA 1V 10kΩ 10mA 100V 100kΩ 1mA 100V Maximun Power Consumption : 1W Rated Current : 10mA => Rated Maximun Voltage : 100V As a load resistance is 100kΩ, current of the above circuit is supposed to be 10mA and voltage 1000V and power consumption 10W. However, the power consumption is out of the maximum level then this circuit cannot work properly. It is called an overload. Therefore, to maintain the maximum power consumption, the voltage is supposed to be 100V and the current 1mA in accordance with Ohm’s law. I 12 1000 10 100 8 10 6 1 V I(mA) V(V) 4 0.1 2 0.01 0 0.001 1Ω 100Ω 10kΩ 100kΩ In accordance with the load resistance, voltage and current change. As the resistance is bigger than 10kΩ, the circuit is on the overload. The rated voltage in Korea is 220V. We nowadays use fixed voltage in parallel with electric appliances. Therefore, overload is caused by excessive current. Overload might happen if we put many plugs of electric appliances in the only one outlet. Each of electric appliances has individual power consumption. For instance, we have an american electric appliance(rated voltage is 120V in America) that power consumption is 120W. It allows current to flow up to 1A and its resistance is 120Ω. Thus, if we plug it in korea, the current 1.9A flows through the appliance then the appliance is damaged due to overload.