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ELCT 371: Electronics Pre-Req: CSCE 211, ELCT 222 Instructor: Dr. Goutam Koley Office: SWGN 3A12, 777- 3469, [email protected] Lecture Hours: Tue & Thurs 12.30 – 1:45 AM SWGN 2A19 Office Hours: Mon 2.30 – 3.30 pm, and by appointment 1 Objective Objective: To learn the basics of analog circuit design and analysis Text book: Electronics, by Allan R. Hambley, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, 2000 ISBN # 0136919820 2 Schedule and Grading Class: Aug 19 – Dec 3; 28 lecture days. Final Exam: Dec 10, 2010 at 2.00 pm. Detailed schedule posted on the website Grading: Homeworks (6): Quizzes (Best 4 of 5 total): Midterms (2): Final: Grades (Total 100 points): A: 90 - 100 B+ : 85 – 90 C: 70 – 74 D+: 65 – 69 B: 80 – 84 D: 60 – 64 15 % 15 % 35 % 35 % C+ : 75 - 79 F: <60 Curve: All grades will be normalized. The highest overall individual score (out of 100) will be made 100, and all the others will be multiplied by the ratio before assigning the final grade. If there are confusions regarding any grading please bring it to my attention immediately after the grading is done. 3 Some reminders… Eating or drinking in class is NOT preferable. However, if you absolutely have to, you must not disturb others. Do not enter the class if you are more than 15 minutes late, without very valid reasons No retake of exams/tests permitted unless you let me know prior to the test/exam, and have valid reasons PLEASE ADHERE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA HONOR CODE (No cheating in any form!!!) 4 1.4 Basic Amplifier Concepts An ideal amplifier produces an output signal with a larger amplitude while maintaining the same waveshape Amplifier Black Box concept Microphone Amplifier 1 mV Av=10,000 Loudspeaker 10 V output v0 (t ) Avvi (t )(1.2) vi input voltage v0 output voltage Av voltage gain Fig. 1.15 Q: Is a transformer an amplifier? 5 1.4 Basic Amplifier Concepts Inverting and Noninverting Amplifiers: Inverting Amplifier Noninverting Amplifier Av is a negative number Av is a positive number v0 (t ) Avvi (t )(1.2) Fig. 1.16 6 1.4 Basic Amplifier Concepts The Voltage-Amplifier Model: Basic concepts Input impedance Zi for a typical oscilloscope is a 1 MW resistance in parallel with 47 pF capacitance Fig. 1.17 vs is the source voltage Rs is the source resistance RL is the load resistance 3 parameters that completely defines an amplifier black box Avo is the open circuit voltage gain Ri is the input resistance of the amplifier Ro is the output resistance of the amplifier Ri is the equivalent resistance looking into the input terminals of the amplifier and Ro is the same looking into the output terminals 7 1.4 Basic Amplifier Concepts The Voltage-Amplifier Model: Real amplifiers and voltage gain • • • Real amplifiers cannot deliver a fixed voltage to an arbitrary load resistance Output voltage changes with load resistance - Higher for larger RL and lower for smaller RL The amplifier output resistance accounts for the reduction in output voltage Fig. 1.17 Avo is the open circuit voltage gain of the amplifier, meaning the load is infinite. Thus there is no drop across the resistances, and v0 = Avovi • Actual amplifier voltage gain Av=v0/vi is always smaller than Avo 8 1.4 Basic Amplifier Concepts Current Gain i0 Ai ii i0 v0 / RL Ri Ai Av ii vi / Ri RL v0 Av vi is the voltage gain with the load resistor connected. Note that Av is smaller than Av0 Fig. 1.17 9 1.4 Basic Amplifier Concepts Power Gain • Assuming the input impedance and load impedance are purely resistive, the average power is the product of the rms current and rms voltage. Fig. 1.17 10 1.4 Basic Amplifier Concepts Example 1.1: Find voltage gain, current gain, and power gain for the circuit below Fig. 1.18 11 1.5 Cascaded Amplifiers Fig. 1.19 12 1.5 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.2 Analysis of a Cascaded Amplifier Fig. 1.20 13