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Prepositional (2)
Verbal (3)
The Phrase…
We’ll Start with
3 Overall Kinds:
Appositive
“You hear
and use them
all the time;
now let’s
recognize
them!”
Definition of a Phrase:
A group of words that does
NOT have a subject and a verb,
and acts as 1 part of speech.
In other words…. NOT a
complete sentence, but part
of a sentence!
The Prepositional Phrase!
“Anywhere a mouse
can go!”
You know your prepositions so…..
this should be easy!!!
The Prepositional Phrase
Consists of These Things:
1. A Preposition
2. An object (N or Prn)
3. Any modifiers of that object
There are 2
kinds of these!
You know this one
already!
**Hint… find the
preposition and go
until you see the
first noun and
stop….that’s your
1. He was riding (on his skateboard). Prepositional Phrase!
2. I am a huge fan (of Twilight).
For Example…
3. My dad enjoys hunting (in the woods).
Find the Prep. Phrases in the
Find the Prep. Phrase in the
following sentences along with the
following
sentences.
object of
the preposition.
1. We were eating chicken wings at BWWs.
2. I watched ESPN on television last night.
3. He rode his dirt bike through the mud.
“There Are 2 Types of
Prepositional Phrases.”
Adjective Phrase
&
Adverb Phrase
Let’s start with the
Adjective Phrase…what is it?
Example: Sarah is
the one (with the
pink dress).
The phrase is describing
which one, (a Noun)
“You know what an
adjective is right?”
“Yes, it describes a noun or
pronoun!
So…the definition of an Adj. Phrase is: a
prep. phrase that describes a N or Prn.
Now…the Adverb Phrase
(Another Prepositional Phrase)
“Don’t hide! It’s just as easy since you
know what an adverb is right?”
An Adverb describes: V, Adj., Adv.
So…the definition of an Adverb Phrase is:
A Prepositional Phrase that describes a Verb,
Adjective, or Adverb!
Example: We must finish our project
(before the holidays).
“before the holidays” is describing when to finish (a verb)
so it has to be an adverb phrase. And… “before” is a
preposition & this is a type of prep. phrase!
Prepositional Phrase and the
Comma
• When you start a
sentence with a long
prepositional phrase,
you add a comma after
the phrase.
• Example:
• Look at my first
sentence to the left!
When you start a
sentence with a long
prepositional phrase,
you add a comma
after the phrase.
The End… for Day 1!!!
Take 2!!!
VERBAL PHRASES…
1. Gerund Phrase
There are 3 kinds
2. Infinitive Phrase
3. Participial Phrase
“Ok, but what does Verbal
mean?”
**Verbal: a word that is formed from a Verb, but
is used as a N, Adj., or Adv.**
Example: Smiling child
“I’m not
a verb!”
It’s like a verb in
disguise!
Smiling is formed from
the verb smile, but is
acting as an Adj.
describing child.
GERUND PHRASE…
A gerund is a verb form ending
in –ing that is used as a noun!
“Wait…what’s a
gerund?”
For example: (Skiing down that
slope) was fun.
So, a Gerund Phrase has:
- a gerund -a modifier
-& the entire phrase is used
as a noun
Example: (Listening to Megadeth music
at high volume) may require you to have
hearing aids later in life!
*As you can see, “Listening to Megadeth
music at high volume” is the gerund phrase.
Listening being the gerund.
Listening to Megadet music at high
volume (the gerund phrase) is acting
as the Noun in this sentence…
Ask yourself…What may require you
to have hearing aids later in life? The
answer is the Noun, which is the
gerund phrase!
Ok, do gerund phrases
always have to come at
the beginning of the
sentence?
What do you think?
NO is correct!!!
A gerund phrase can come at the
beginning or the end of a sentence.
Look!
EXAMPLES:
Texting at school can get you in trouble.
Q: What is the gerund phrase?
“Ahh
man, that
was
stupid!”
A: Texting at school…(at the
beginning of the sentence.)
=
Examples Continued…
Our favorite thing to do this
weekend will be playing video games
on Xbox.
Q: What is the gerund phrase?
A: Playing video games on Xbox…(at
the end of the sentence.)
Playing video
games on Xbox is
acting as 1 Noun
The end for Day 2!!!
INFINITIVE PHRASE…
A verb form that can be used as a Noun, an Adj., or an Adv.
*Most infinitives begin with “to”.
Example: The crowd grew
quiet to hear the movie A
Haunted House.
What word is the infinitive
phrase describing?
Making the infinitive phrase act
as what part of speech?
grew…
An Adverb!
Let’s Try Some…
Tell me the infinitive phrase in each sentence.
Tell me if it is used as an N, Adj, or Adv.
1. Hearing Beyonce’s new song is one way to change your mood.
Inf. Phrase: to change your mood POS: Adjective, describing way
2. We used the new DVD player to watch Stepbrothers.
Inf. Phrase: to watch Stepbrothers POS: Adverb, describing used
3. I learned to laugh and make jokes from Will Ferrell.
Inf. Phrase: to laugh and make jokes POS: Noun, because “to laugh and make jokes” is
the DO of the verb learned, making that object a
Noun.
**Remember…Infinitive
starts with “to”!!!
The End
for
Day 3!!!
The Participial Phrase
“Isn’t that some kind of a
mammal?”
What the heck does participial mean?
Participial is derived from participle and a
participle is a verb form that can be used as
an adjective.
Here are some examples:
“No! That’s a marsupial!!!
Present participles end in –ing: The smiling child waved.
Smiling, a form of the verb smile, is describing the
noun child, making it (smiling) an adjective.
Examples Continued on next page
Def: Verb acting as an Adj.
Participle Examples Continued…
*Most past participles end in –d or –ed.
Some are irregularly formed.
Examples:
1. The police officers searched the abandoned warehouse.
**Abandoned is a form of the verb abandon and
modifies/describes warehouse so it is an adjective.
2. This plate, bought at a flea market, is a valuable antique.
**Bought, a form of the verb buy, describes the
noun plate, so bought is an adjective here.
Ok, so those are participles, but
what is a participial phrase?
“Well, a phrase is a group of words, so a
Participial Phrase must consist of a
participle and anything describing it!”
Let’s Practice… Tell the participial phrase and the word/s it modifies.
1. Noted for its convenience, FaceBook is used by millions of
people.
Part. Phrase: Noted for its convenience Word it Modifies: FaceBook
2. IPods are wonderful inventions used by people
everywhere.
Part. Phrase: used by people everywhere
Word it Modifies: IPods
Q:What is a gerund phrase?
A: Group of words that has a verb form
ending in
–ing
in it w/ other
modifiers & acts as a
noun.
Q: What is an infinitive
phrase?
A. It is a group of words that has a
verb form that can act as another part
of speech,
usually starts with
“to”.
Q: What is an participial
phrase?
A: A group of words that has a
participle and any other
**the whole
phrase acts as an
adjective.
modifiers;
Last Practice Before You’re a
Identify the phrase in each sentence and then tell what
Pro!!!
type it is.
1. Some people like listening to hip hop music.
Phrase:Listening to hip hop music Type: Gerund
2. American Idol, playing on the TV, looked like a
good episode.
Phrase: playing on the TV Type: Participial
Because ‘playing on the TV’
Why? describes American Idol,
making the verb form playing
an adjective.
Last One!!!!!
4. In the United States, citizens have the right to
speak their minds.
Phrase: to speak their minds Type: Infinitive Phrase
Why? It starts with “to” and it describes “right”, making
the verb form speak an adjective.
Phrase #2:
In the United States
Type?:
Prepositional Phrase
The End
for
Day 4!!!
Take 5!!!
The Appositive Phrase
Definition of Appositive:A Noun or Pronoun placed
beside another Noun or Pronoun to describe it.
Definition of Appositive Phrase: Has an appositive and
any modifiers. (A group of words with an appositive)
Example: I chose one person, the girl in
the pink, to pass out the papers.
Reasoning:“the girl in the pink” is
describing person and is placed directly
beside that Noun.
WE
ARE
DONE!
THE END
“Don’t be a dead fish!
That was fun right?!?!?!”
Now I know all
phrases!