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2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs ANTE TODO In order to talk about activities, you need to use verbs. Verbs express actions or states of being. In English and Spanish, the infinitive is the base form of the verb. In English, the infinitive is preceded by the word to: to study, to be. The infinitive in Spanish is a one-word form and can be recognized by its endings: –ar, –er, or –ir. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs The infinitive Think of the endings –ar, -er, -ir as translating into the word “to.” The stem of the verb tells the meaning. estudiar = to study (infinitive) estudi = speak (stem) -ar = to (ending) 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Conjugation When we conjugate a verb, we change the infinitive “to” and make it agree with the subject. • to study (infinitive) • I study. The boy studies. (conjugated) *Note: If the subject is a noun, we make it agree with the pronoun. The boy = He 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs In Spanish, we conjugate by dropping the –ar, -er, or –ir ending and adding endings that correspond with the subject. Just as in English, if the subject is a noun, we choose the verb ending based on the pronoun. La chica = Ella 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Present tense of estudiar estudiar (to study) SINGULAR FORMS yo estudio I study tú estudias you study (fam.) Ud. / él / ella estudia you (form.) / he / she studies 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Remember that there is no subject pronoun for “it.” Therefore, in Spanish we simply conjugate the verb in the third person, singular. For –ar verbs, the ending is –a. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Present tense of estudiar estudiar (to study) PLURAL FORMS nosotros/as estudiamos we study vosotros/as estudiáis you study (fam.) Uds. / ellos / ellas estudian you (form.) / they study 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Common –ar verbs bailar to dance buscar to look for caminar to walk cantar to sing cenar to have dinner comprar to buy contestar to answer to converse, to conversar chat desayunar to have breakfast descansar to rest desear (+ inf.) to desire; to wish dibujar to draw enseñar to teach escuchar to listen (to) esperar (+ inf.) to wait (for); to hope estudiar to study 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs explicar to explain hablar to talk; to speak preguntar to ask (a question) preparar to prepare llegar to arrive regresar to return llevar to carry terminar to end; to finish mirar to look (at); to watch necesitar (+ inf.) to need practicar to practice tomar to take; to drink trabajar to work viajar to travel 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs ¡ATENCIÓN! The Spanish verbs buscar, escuchar, esperar, and mirar do not need to be followed by prepositions as they do in English. Busco la tarea. Escucho la música. I’m looking for the homework. I’m listening to the music. Espero el autobús. Miro la pizarra. I’m waiting for the bus. I’m looking at the blackboard. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Compare and contrast Compare the verbs in the English sentences to the verb in the Spanish equivalent. Paco trabaja en la cafetería. 1. Paco works in the cafeteria. 2. Paco is working in the cafeteria. 3. Paco does work in the cafeteria. English uses three sets of forms to talk about the present: 1) the simple present (Paco works), 2) the present progressive (Paco is working), 3) the emphatic present (Paco does work). In Spanish, the simple present can be used in all three cases. Note: In Spanish, we do not add “do”/ ”does.” Insteady, we simply use the present tense verb. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Compare and contrast In both Spanish and English, the present tense is also sometimes used to express future action. Marina viaja a Madrid mañana. 1. Marina travels to Madrid tomorrow. 2. Marina will travel to Madrid tomorrow. 3. Marina is traveling to Madrid tomorrow. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs In Spanish, as in English, when two verbs are used together with no change of subject, the second verb is generally in the infinitive. Deseo hablar con don Francisco. I want to speak with Don Francisco. Necesitamos comprar cuadernos. We need to buy notebooks. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs To make a sentence negative in Spanish, the word no is placed before the conjugated verb. In this case, no means not. Ellos no miran la televisión. They don’t watch television. Alicia no desea bailar ahora. Alicia doesn’t want to dance now. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs Spanish speakers often omit subject pronouns because the verb endings indicate who the subject is. In Spanish, subject pronouns are used for emphasis, clarification, or contrast. Clarification / Contrast —¿Qué enseñan ellos? —Ella enseña arte y él enseña física. What do they teach? She teaches art, and he teaches physics. Emphasis —¿Quién desea trabajar hoy? —Yo no deseo trabajar hoy. Who wants to work today? I don’t want to work today. 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs ¡INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of these verbs. (hablar) 1. Yo ____ español. 2. Ellos ____ español. 3. Inés ____ español. 4. Nosotras ____ español. 5. Tú ____ español. 6. Los estudiantes ____ español. 7. Usted ____ español. 8. Javier y yo ____ español. 1 of 3 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs ¡INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of these verbs. (trabajar) 1. Ustedes ____ mucho. 2. Juanita y yo ____ mucho. 3. Nuestra profesora ____ mucho. 4. Tú ____ mucho. 5. Yo ____ mucho. 6. Las chicas ____ mucho. 7. Él ____ mucho. 8. Tú y Álex ____ mucho. 2 of 3 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs ¡INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of these verbs. (desear) 1. Usted ___ viajar. 2. Yo ___ viajar. 3. Nosotros ___ viajar. 4. Lourdes y Luz ___ viajar. 5. Tú ___ viajar. 6. Ella ___ viajar. 7. Marco y yo ___ viajar. 8. Ustedes ___ viajar. 3 of 3