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CHAPTER # 3
The Passive
Voice
Dictionary
Grammar
Voice: According to dictionary is a noun which
means sound.
Voice: According to grammar it is a form of a verb
which shows whether the subject of the sentence
is the doer of an action or the receiver of an action.
Examples:
Laila kills an ant. (Active voice)
An ant is killed by Laila. (Passive voice)
Voice
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Active Voice/ Sentence
A verb is in active voice when its form shows
that the subject of the sentence does the action of
the sentence. Or, when the subject of the sentence
is the doer of an action is called Active voice.
Str: Sub+ verb+ Object.
Example: Arzoo plays hop scotch.
Why do we use Active Voice?
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It is used when the doer of the sentence is
important to be mentioned.
It is used when we want to know what is done
by the people or things( subject is the doer).
It is used when we want to make the doer of
the sentence prominent.
Passive Voice
A verb is in passive voice when its form shows
that the subject of the sentence receives the
action. Or, when the subject of the sentence
is the receiver of the sentence. (something is
done to the subject of the sentence.)
Str: Sub+ to be+ past participle+ by phrase
Example: Hop scotch is played by Arzoo.
Why do we use Passive Voice?
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It is used when the doer of the sentence is
unknown.
It is also used when it is not important to
mention the doer of the sentence.
It is used when we want to know that what is
done to the people or things.
It is also used when the receiver of the
sentence is more important than the doer.
Kinds of Passive Voices
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Main Passive
Stative Passive
Conditional Passive
Present Passive Gerund
Past Passive Gerund
Present Passive Infinitive
Past Passive Infinitive
Tense in Passive Voice
The following tenses are not common in
Passive Voice.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Present Perfect Progressive Tense.
Past Perfect Progressive Tense.
Future Progressive Tense.
Future Perfect Progressive Tense.
How to change an Active voice to Passive?
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A sentence must be divided into ( Subject, verb and
object)
The object of the active sentence must the subject
of the passive sentence.
Only transitive verbs are changeable ( Verbs which
need objects)
Intransitive verbs are not changeable ( verbs which
do not need objects).
By phrase can be used to introduce the doer of an
action.
Tenses in Passive Voice
Simple Present Tense
Act Str: Sub+ verb (s,es,ies)+ Obj.
Example: Hungama washes a car.
Pas Str: Sub+ to be+ 3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: A car is washed by Hungama.
Present Progressive Tense
Act Str: Sub+ is, am, are+ v-ing+ Obj
Example: Laila is watching TV.
Pas Str: Sub+ is, am, are+ being+ 3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: TV is being watched by Laila.
Present Perfect Tense
Act Str: Sub+ has/have+ 3rd verb + Obj
Example: Meena has taught Pashto.
Pas Str: Sub+ has/have+ been+3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: Pashto has been taught by Meena.
Simple Past Tense
Act Str: Sub+ 2nd verb+ Obj
Example: Rubina wrote a letter.
Pas Str: Sub+ to be+ 3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: A letter was written by Rubina.
Past Progressive Tense
Act Str: Sub+ was/were+ v-ing+ Obj
Example: Shakila was helping Meena.
Ps Str: Sub+ was/were+ being+ 3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: Meena was being helped by Shakila
Past Perfect Tense
Act Str: Sub+ had+ 3rd verb+ Obj
Example: Kamal had played cricket.
Pas Str: Sub+ had+ been+ 3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: Cricket had been played by Kamal.
Simple Future Tense
Act Str: Sub+ will/be going to+ verb+ Obj
Example: John will watch TV tomorrow.
Pas Str: Sub+ will/be going to+ be+ 3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: TV will be watched by John tomorrow.
Future Perfect Tense
Act Str: Sub+ will/be going to+ have+ 3rd verb+
Obj
Example: Ali will have studied English.
Pas Str: Sub+ will/be going to+ have+ been+
3rd verb+ by phrase
Example: English will have been studied by Ali.
Direct & Indirect object in Passive Voice
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Sometimes a sentence may have two objects
(direct & indirect objects). While changing a
sentence from active voice to the passive
voice any object can be the subject of
passive voice.
Examples: Ali gifted a book to Meena.
D.Obj Ind.Obj
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Examples: Arzoo bought a car for Laila.
D.Obj Ind.Obj
Passive: A car was bought for Laila by Arzoo.
Laila was bought a car by Arzoo.
Passive for Imperative Sentence
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Act Str: Open the door.
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Pas Str: Let+ Obj+ be+ 3rd verb
Let the door be opened.
Sometimes the object of a verb can be a
noun, pronoun, gerund, infinitive and
clause. While changing a sentence to
passive any of them can be the subject of
the passive voice.
Example: She invited Shakila to a party.
noun
Shakila was invited to a party.
Examples:
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Kamal selected her as a teacher.
pro
She was selected as a teacher by Kamal.
I enjoy teasing Hungama.
gerund
Teasing Hungama is enjoyed by me.
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Arzoo wants to be the president.
infinitive
To be the president is wanted by Arzoo.
I think that Rubina is a beautiful girl.
clause
That Rubina is a beautiful girl is thought by me.
Let’s
Practice