Download The past participle and the present perfect indicative

The Past Participle
(El participio pasado)
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How the past participle is formed
For -ar verbs:
Start with the infinitive . . . remove the verb ending . . .
and add ado.
cerrar
ado
For -er and -ir verbs:
Start with the infinitive . . . remove the verb ending . . .
and add ido.
vender
ido
recibir
ido
How the past participle is formed
The past participle is used in Spanish and English as an
adjective or as part of the perfect tenses. In English, it is
usually the -ed or -en form of the verb.
tomar
tomado (taken)
comer
comido (eaten)
vivir
vivido (lived)
An accent mark is used when a past participle has the
combination of vowels ai, ei, or oi.
creer creído believed
leer leído read
oír
oído
heard
traer traído brought
How the past participle is formed
The following verbs have irregular past participles.
abrir
cubrir
decir
abierto
cubierto
dicho
opened
covered
said
descubrir descubierto discovered
escribir escrito
written
hacer
hecho
done; made
morir
poner
romper
muerto
puesto
roto
dead
put
broken
ver
volver
visto
vuelto
seen
returned
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