Download Chapter 22

Chapters 22 and 23
3rd conjugation – future tense
Formation of Adverbs
Ablative of Accompaniment
Learning Targets
• Gain awareness and understanding
of the future tense for 3rd
conjugation
• 3rd and 4th conjugation verbs have a
different pattern from 1st and 2nd
conjugation
• Learn how adverbs are formed in
Latin.
• Understand how the ablative of
accompaniment differs from the
ablative of means, as well as how to
use the ablative of accompaniment.
Future Tense in 1st and
2nd Conjugation
• How is future tense shown in 1st
and 2nd conjugation? What is
the ‘sign’ that is added to the
stem of a word?
Future Tense in 3rd
Conjugation
• In 3rd conjugation, the –bi- tense
sign is NOT used.
• The sign for future tense in the
3rd conjugation is ē in place of
the stem vowel.
• Exceptions
• 1st person singular uses (short) a
and ends with m (-am)
• 3rd person (sing. and plural) have a
SHORT e as the ‘sign’
rd
3
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Conjugation - Future
ponam
ponēmus
ponēs
ponētis
ponet
ponent
N.B (note bene – ‘good note’)
• Be CAREFUL – it can be easy to confuse the
future tense of the 3rd conjugation with the
present tense of 2nd conjugation – they look a lot
alike.
• You MUST know to which conjugation a verb
belongs.
Present tense (for comparison)
Pono
ponimus
Ponis
ponitis
ponit
ponunt
3rd conjugation – future
ponam
ponēs
ponet
ponēmus
ponētis
ponent
Compare to Present Tense of
2nd conjugation
Doceō
Docēs
Docet
docēmus
docētis
decent
Latin Notebook – 22 and 23
• Make your notebook pages with
vocabulary section and grammar
notes
• KNOW your vocabulary words
WELL!!!!! Add words to your “Words I
Need to Study List”
• Make Flashcards and USE THEM
• Create a “Grammar Concepts I Need
to Know” List – build questions from
this list!
Adjectives
• Are used to modify ___________?
• What is the adjective rule in
Latin?
Adverbs
•Are used to modify ___________?
Chapter 23 – Forming
Adverbs
• Adverbs are formed from 1st and 2nd
declension adjectives by adding ē to
the base. How would you get the
base of an adjective?
• clarus, clara, clarum
• liber, libera, liberum
• pulcher, pulchra,
pulchrum
clarē
liberē
pulchrē
Review - Ablative of Means
• Ablative of Means – Is used to
show what you use to
accomplish something
• Litteris victoriam nuntiant.
• By means of letter, by letter, or with
letter
• Armis pugnaverunt.
• With arms, by means of arms
• Does one form (by, by means of,
or with) ‘fit’ one sentence better
than another?
Accompaniment
• What does accompaniment
mean?
• She went to the audition,
accompanied by her mother.
• He traveled to Britain,
accompanied by his older
brother.
Ablative of Accompaniment
• When you want to express the idea
of accompaniment (someone doing
something along with you), you use
the ablative case for the noun which
is accompanying, along with the
preposition ‘cum’
• Cum servis pugnat – he is fighting
with the slaves.
• This use of the ablative of
accompaniment ALWAYS involves a
person!
Vocabulary-22
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Dea, -ae (f)
Deus, -i (m)
Otium, oti (n)
Studium, -i (n)
goddess
god
leisure, peace
eagerness,interest;
pl.= studies
Commodus, -a, -um
suitable, convenient
Varius, -a, -um
changing, various
Dico, dicere, dixi, dictus
say, tell (sing. imper.
Is irregular – dic
Fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturus flee, run away
Valeo, valēre, valui, valiturus be strong or well
Ita
so
Vocabulary – Ch. 23
• Firmus, -a, -um
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strong, firm
Perpetuus, -a, -um
constant
Afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus
affect, afflict with
Gero, gerere, gessi, gestus
carry on, wage
Incipio, incipere, incēpi,
inceptus – take on, begin
Cum (+ abl)
with