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Download Participles - JJ Daniell Middle School
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Integrating Grammar Into Your Writing How is a writer like an artist? 5 Basic Brush Strokes • • • • • The participle The absolute The appositive Shifted adjectives Action verbs Painting with Participles • Picture in your mind’s eye, rats nearby. Participle A participle is a verb ending in –ing or –ed that is acting like an adjective in a sentence Which image captures the picture? The sewer rats devoured their food. Wailing, shoving, and gnawing, the sewer rats devoured their food. Participles BRING Action to your WRITING – Wailing their high-pitched voices and shoving their skeletal cold bodies, the sewer rats devoured the school lunch thrown in the dumpster. – Howling with pain, the troll twisted and flailed its club with Harry clinging on for dear life; any second, the troll was going to rip him off or catch him a terrible blow with the club. » -Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (J.K. Rowling) Capture this picture by using a participle in your description. Absolute • A two-word combination – A noun and an ing or ed verb added onto a sentence. • Example: – The squirrel scrambled up the tree. (no absolute) – Claws digging, legs kicking, the squirrel scrambled up the tree. • Mind racing, anxiety overtaking, the diver peered once more at the specimen. (E. Stralka) • As Dorothy gazed upon this in wonder and fear the eyes turned slowly and looked at her sharply and steadily. Then the mouth moved, and Dorothy heard a voice say: “I am Oz, the Great and Terrible. Who are you?” The Wizard of Oz Capture this picture by using an absolute in your description. Painting with Appositives • A noun that adds a second image to a preceding noun – Expands details in the reader’s imagination Enhance the First Image • FIRST IMAGE: The criminal lurks in the streets. • The criminal, a scandalous thief, lurks in the streets. • The criminal, a scandalous thief in search of worldly possessions, lurks in the streets. The fish, a slimy mass of flesh, felt the alligator’s giant teeth sink into his scales as he struggled to get away. (L. Kannen) “A balrog, a demon of the ancient world,” Gandalf cried, “this foe is beyond any of you. Run!” The fellowship ran. (Lord of the Rings) Capture this picture by using an appositive in your description. Painting with Adjectives Shifted Out of Order • Used more often by fiction authors – Amplify the details of image Correcting the Overload of Description Shifted Adjectives • The large, red-eyed, angry officer arrested the intruder. Better– The large officer, red-eyed and angry, arrested at the intruder. I could smell Mama, crisp and starched, plumping my pillow, and the cool muslin pillowcase touched both my ears as the back of my head sank into all those feathers. -A Day No Pigs Would Die The boxer, twisted and tormented, felt no compassion for his contender. (C. Hloros) The cheetah, tired and hungry, stared at the gazelle, which would soon become his dinner. (Z. Vesoulis) Capture this picture by using shifted adjectives in your description. Painting with Action Verbs • Eliminating passive voice action) (communicate no • Reducing being verbs • Action verbs replace still photos with motion pictures • Bring an inanimate object to life with action verbs Being Verb: The dirt path was around the prison Action Verb: The dirt path twisted around the prison. First Draft Rockwell was a beautiful lake. Canadian geese could be heard across the water bugled like tuneless trumpets. Near the shore, two children were hidden behind a massive maple tree. Watching quietly, they hoped to see the first gosling begin to hatch. Tiny giggles escaped their whispers of excitement. Final Draft Rockwell Lake echoed with the sounds of Canadian geese. Their honking bugled across the water like tuneless trumpets. Two children hid behind a massive maple tree. They silently watched, hoping to see the first gosling hatch. Tiny giggles escaped their whispers of excitement. COMBINING STROKES “Oh, right!” said Hermione, and she whipped out her wand, waved it, muttered something, and sent a jet of the same bluebell flames she had used on Snape at the plant. In a matter of seconds, the two boys felt it loosening its grip as it cringed away from the light and warmth. Wriggling and flailing, it unraveled itself from their bodies, and they were able to pull free. Lucy you pay attention in Herbology, Hermione,” said Harry as he joined her by the wall, wiping sweat off his face. Capture this picture by combining at least two “brush strokes” in your description. Extras….. Examples of Brushstrokes. Pictures to use as writing hooks. Image Grammar Web Page.