Download Diagramming Begins!

Diagramming Begins!
• What is diagramming?
– Sentence analysis
– Shows relationship of each word to the rest of the
sentence
– Think of frog dissection
First…
• We already know:
– Every sentence MUST have a subject and verb
– Subject=noun
– Verb=words of doing or being
• Start by asking: WHO or WHAT is DOING or
BEING something?
• Now, draw a horizontal line and divide it with
a vertical one:
Next…
• Place the subject (noun) and all the things
that go with it on the left side
• Place the predicate (main verb) and all things
that go with it on the right side
Subject Predicate
See how this basic sentence is
diagrammed:
Rex barks.
Rex
Subject
Who or what?
Barks
Predicate
Does or is what?
Now You Try:
Rex whined.
Subject
Who or what?
Predicate
Does or is what?
Good. Now Try again:
Rex was panting.
(Hint: be sure to include all parts of the verb.)
Subject
Who or what?
Predicate
Does or is what?
Diagram these sentences.
Remember, subject on the left,
predicate on the right.
1. Rex might have been scratching.
2. Rex did bark.
Subject
Who or what?
Predicate
Does or is what?
Diagram these sentences.
Remember, subject on the left,
predicate on the right.
1. Rex should have howled.
2. Rex could have been growling.
Subject
Predicate
Does or is what?
Diagram these sentences.
Remember, subject on the left,
predicate on the right.
1. Rex must have run.
2. Rex had slept.
Diagram these sentences.
1. Rex may be eating.
2. Rex will have been digging.
What Have We Learned So Far?
SOMEBODY
Or
SOMETHING
DOES or IS
SOMETHING
Now, what if we want to make our
sentences pretty?
birds
sing
What if we want to know:
Which ones?
Where?
What kinds?
When?
Whose?
Why?
How many?
How?
Since ADJECTIVES
Answer the ADJECTIVE QUESTIONS about
NOUNS, they are diagrammed on slanting
lines under the noun they modify:
birds
sing
How many birds? Three = ADJ
Now notice this sentence:
Those three blue birds sing.
Same subject and verb,
birds
sing
But the noun is modified by three words that
answer three different ADJECTIVE QUESTIONS.
How about this?
The birds sing sorrowfully.
Good:
Sorrowfully answers the ADVERB QUESTION:
HOW?
birds
sing
So, words that answer ADVERB QUESTIONS are
placed on a slanted line under the VERB
Notice that,
While an adjective usually goes in front of its
noun, an adverb can hop about in the
sentence:
• Sorrowfully the birds sing.
• The birds sorrowfully sing.
• The birds sing sorrowfully.
All three sentences are diagrammed in exactly
the same way.
Diagram these sentences. Put adjectives
under nouns, adverbs under verbs. Write
what question each modifier answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Poor Rex whined pitifully.
That tired Rex was panting furiously.
Yesterday Rex might have been scratching.
Rex did really bark.
Why did Rex really bark?
Why should that naughty Rex have howled so
dismally?
Ah-ha! A few tricks:
• #5, the question—turn it into a declarative
sentence…it will be diagrammed the same as #4.
• #6— “why” doesn’t answer an adverb question; it is
an adverb question. Diagram it just as you would an
adverb.
• #6—Where did you put “so”? That was really sneaky!
It answers the ADVERB QUESTION: HOW. But is does
not modify the verb “howled.” (How did he howl?
So? No.) No, it answers the question “how” about
“dismally.” (How dismally? So dismally.) Remember
that adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other
adverbs.)
So…
Rex
should have howled
Review and Practice:
What have we learned so far?
1. In a sentence, somebody or something does or is
something.
2. An adjective answers the questions
•
•
•
•
Which one
What kind
Whose
How many
3. An adverb answers the questions
•
•
•
•
Where
When
Why
How
Diagram these sentences. Be sure to find all helping
verbs, and be careful that each modifier is attached to
the word it modifies.
1. Harry has been listening carefully.
2. Harry has not been listening carefully. (Hint:
“not” answers how Harry listens.)
Diagram these sentences. Be sure to find all helping
verbs, and be careful that each modifier is attached to
the word it modifies.
1. Lucy’s blue sweater was thrown downstairs.
2. That sweet old lady might have been sleeping
there.
Diagram these sentences. Be sure to find all helping
verbs, and be careful that each modifier is attached to
the word it modifies.
1. Suddenly the booming thunder echoed
hollowly.
2. The big bad wolf huffed importantly.
Diagram these sentences. Be sure to find all helping
verbs, and be careful that each modifier is attached to
the word it modifies.
1. That child might be crying now.
2. How they must have been laughing!
Diagram these sentences. Be sure to find all helping
verbs, and be careful that each modifier is attached to
the word it modifies.
1. Away flew the silly geese. (Careful! What IS
the verb? What or who DID the verb?)
2. My sister may play here.
** More practice for homework!
And Now: Diagramming
Prepositional Phrases
Review: what is a prepositional phrase? What
part(s) of speech are associated with a
prepositional phrase?
Identify the prepositional phrase(s) in this
sentence: