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Chapters 23-25 Extending the Skills: Verbs English Skills, 3E John Langan ©2002The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Additional Information about Verbs Here are the three areas we’ll discuss in this section: • Compound Subjects and Verbs • Tense, Voice and Verbals • Subject-Verb Agreement English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Compound Subjects and Verbs • A sentence may have more than one verb. – The shark swam and attacked. • A sentence may have more than one subject. – Dolphins and whales have some protection from sharks. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Verb Tense. . . . . . tells you the time of the action. Let’s start with the simple • present, • past, and • future. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Verb Tense But, we can also be a little more specific about time using these other tenses: •Perfect Tense (Add a form of the verb “have”) •Progressive Tense (Add a form of the verb “be”) •Perfect Progressive Tense (Add both the verbs “have” and “be.”) English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Verb Voice Verb voice refers to the active or passive form of a verb. • ACTIVE VOICE: Action of the verb is done by the subject. – EX: The dog ate all my dinner! (The dog performed the action.) • PASSIVE VOICE: Action of the verb is done to the subject. – EX: The dog was put on its leash by Aunt Rose. (The action was done to the dog, by Aunt Rose.) English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Verbals Verbals are words formed from verbs. There are three kinds: • Infinitives • Participles • Gerunds English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Verbals An is formed by adding the word “to” to the base form of the verb. “to” + “steal” = So, what is the infinitive of the verb “steal”? Example: English Brushup, 3E “to steal” Jesse James loved to steal money from bankers. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Verbals A is a verb form used as an adjective. The past participle ends in -ed or is irregular. Example: The present participle ends in -ing. English Brushup, 3E Looking over her tax returns, the weeping accountant tugged her bleached hair. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Verbals A is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun. Let’s make a gerund out of the verb “bowl.” “Bowl” + “ing” = “Bowling” Example: Bowling is not a sport, because you can smoke while you’re doing it. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Subject-Verb Agreement with Compounds • When compound subjects are joined by words such as or, nor or either… or, the verb agrees with the closer subject – Either the twins or Joey is knocking on our door. – I can’t decide if my pants or my hat looks better. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extending the Skills: Verbs (23-25) Subject-Verb Agreement • Indefinite pronouns (each, everyone, somebody, etc.) refer to indefinite persons or things and usually require a singular verb. • Each of the volunteers tutors for at least three hours every week. • All and some require either a singular or plural verb, depending on the words that follow them. • Some of the people are still waiting. • Some of the cake is on the table. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.