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Using Sentence Structure and Part of Speech to Determine Word Meaning Created by Kathryn Reilly Using Sentence Structure • Sometimes authors will use a sentence’s structure to define a word. • Hints may be enclosed in parentheses or commas. Using Sentence Structure • Parentheses may reveal a word’s meaning: – Joe had always wanted to be an ornithologist (birds had fascinated him since the age of three). – An ornithologist studies birds. • Words within commas may reveal a word’s meaning. – Algophobia, the fear of pain, is common in many people. Identifying Parts of Speech Identifying Verbs • Verbs, which show action, may end several ways: – -ed – -s – -ing • Several words may precede a verb: – – – – will have am did Identifying Nouns • Nouns are people, places or things. – doctor, park, coffee • Plural nouns may end with -s. – books, lessons, concerts • Proper nouns are capitalized. – Macy’s – Isiah • Several words may precede a noun: – – – – a an the those Identifying Parts of Speech Identifying Adjectives • Adjectives describe nouns. Identifying Adverbs • Adverbs describe verbs. • In English, adjectives always precede nouns. • Adverbs may come before or after verbs. – The beautiful woman… – The angry customer… • Many, but not all, adverbs end in –ly. – She screamed loudly… – Jaime arrived yesterday… Literary Example This excerpt is from the Sherlock Holmes mystery The Hound of the Baskervilles: The baronet has been in communication with the architect who prepared the plans for Sir Charles, and with a contractor from London, so that we may expect great changes to begin here soon. Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Hound of the Baskervilles. Project Gutenberg. Web. 15 March 2012. • Vocab word: baronet – The word the suggests baronet is a noun. – Since the baronet has communicated with an architect, this suggests baronet is a person. – A baronet is a minor member of royalty. Literary Example This excerpt was taken from the Sherlock Holmes mystery The Hound of the Baskervilles: I looked round, with a chill of fear in my heart, at the huge swelling plain, mottled with the green patches of rushes. Nothing stirred over the vast expanse save a pair of ravens, which croaked loudly from a tor behind us. Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Hound of the Baskervilles. Project Gutenberg. Web. 15 March 2012. • Vocab word: mottled – -ed ending suggests it is a verb – This verb describes the landscape “swelling plain” and the plants on it “green patches of rushes” – This verb has a negative connotation “chill of fear”. – Mottled means dotted or spotted. Review • A sentence’s structure may help determine an unknown word’s meaning. – Look for hints within parentheses. – Look for hints within commas. • Use the part of speech to help determine an unknown word’s meaning.