Download Chapter 1 Grammar

Chapter 1 Grammar
Using Nouns in Latin
Nouns in Latin show case,
number, gender, and
declension
What Do You Know About Nouns?
BRAINSTORM on board
 Did
we answer these questions?
 Nouns
represent what ‘things’ in a
sentence?
 Does there have to be a noun in
every sentence?
 What is the part of speech which
stands in for nouns sometimes?
What I Need to Know by the End of
This Lesson
 What
is a noun
 What is the subject of a sentence
 What a verb shows
 What is the predicate of a sentence
 How does Latin use endings to tell
what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence
 How Latin uses endings to tell us
case, number and gender.
Nouns - Gender
Gender – masculine, feminine, or neuter
 Most English words use ‘natural’ gender.
Example: words for male people or
animals are masculine words and words
for female people or animals are feminine.
 Latin nouns have a specific gender that
needs to be learned with the word.

Nouns - Number
Number means either singular (one) or
plural (more than one).
 The ending of the noun shows if it is
singular or plural.
 Example: insula = 1 island

insulae = more than 1 island
silva = forest
silvae = forests
Any charts in your book need to go in your
notes!!
Nouns - Case
In English, we use WORD ORDER to know
how a word ‘works’ within a sentence.
Compare - The girl likes the horse. The
horse likes the girl. Do these mean the
same thing?
 In Latin, word order doesn’t matter.
ENDINGS show how a word is used in a
sentence. These endings tell which CASE
the word fits into in the sentence. (Puella
amat equum. Equum amat puella.)
 CASE tells how a noun is used in a
sentence.

Sentences
Subject – The noun doing the action in
the sentence or the ‘star’ of the
sentence. The subject is always in the
nominative case.
 Predicate – The verb and everything else
in the sentence, except the subject.
 The ‘to be’ verbs tell us what something
IS. (ex., I am a teacher, you are a
student). After a ‘to be’ (or linking) verb,
a noun or adjective used in the predicate
is also in the nominative case. This is
called a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
(another noun or an adjective in the
predicate that ‘equals’ the subject.
Example: Ali is a dog. What nouns will be

Noun - Declension
Declension – a group of nouns using
the same pattern of endings.
 1st Declension - Nouns in the first
declension all end with -a (singular)
and –ae (plural) in the nominative
case (used for subject of the
sentence).
 Most 1st Declension nouns are
feminine. There is only 1 group of
exceptions.
1st Declension Endings
1st declension nouns are feminine EXCEPT
nouns that tell a person’s occupation.
Case
Singular
Plural
NOTE: include the – (called a macron) over vowels as shown in book.
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-a
-ae
-arum
-is
-as
-is
*If someone asks you to DECLINE a noun, that person wants
you to write a noun in this pattern with all 10 case endings.
Declining a 1st Declension Noun
(How to add the endings to a word)
Case
Singular
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
silva
silvae
silvae
silvam
silva
Plural
silvae
silvarum
silvis
silvas
silvis
Your Latin Notebook
 Write
the vocabulary words just like
they are written in the book. Include
ALL information as shown in book.
 Read through the grammar section
and remember what we learned in
class today. In your own words,
write a summary of the grammar
section. Include ALL charts shown in
the grammar section.
Do I Know These Things?
 What
is a noun
 What is the subject of a sentence
 What a verb shows
 What is the predicate of a sentence
 How does Latin use endings to tell
what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence
 How Latin uses endings to tell us
case, number and gender.