* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Adjectives & Adverbs - Bonduel School District
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sanskrit grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Compound (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Literary Welsh morphology wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Romanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Dutch grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Adjectives & Adverbs Unit 5 Adjectives/Predicate Adjectives An adjective is a word that modifies, or describes, a noun or a pronoun. The eager, large crowd of visitors examines the huge painting. A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence. The painting is realistic and timeless. Questions That Adjectives Answer What Kind? brick house white paper Which One? that judge each answer How Many? one daffodil several roses How Much? no time enough raisins Find the Adjectives The endless landscape seemed filled with strange objects and ghostly figures. The silent woman was aware of everything around her. The bright flowers and whitened bones of the desert inspired her. A piece of red coral was especially eye-catching. Articles The articles a, an, and the are always considered to be adjectives. Indefinite articles = a and an refer to one of a general group of people, places, things, or ideas A is used before words that start with a consonant sound; an is used before words that start with a vowel sound. Definite article = the identifies specific people, places, things, or ideas A tiger and an antelope ran through the clearing. Compound Adjectives A compound adjective is made up of more than one word. usually written in hyphenated form one-sided opinion so-called expert sometimes written in combined form heartbreaking news nearsighted witness Find the Articles & Compound Adjectives Hazleton is an industrial city in the central part of Pennsylvania. The grandfather clock stands on the living room floor. A left-handed pitcher threw to a right-handed batter. An apple a day keeps the doctor away is a commonsense maxim. Proper Adjectives A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun and always begins with a capital letter. Sometimes the proper noun stays the same when it is used as an adjective. I enjoy April showers. Most times an ending must be added: -an, -ese, -ian, -ish I ate dinner at an Italian restaurant. Nouns Used as Adjectives Nouns are sometimes used as adjectives. When this happens, the noun is used immediately in front of another noun and answers the question What Kind? or Which One? Noun = court Adjective = court date Noun = morning Adjective = morning meal Noun = chalk Adjective = chalk tray Find the Proper Adjectives & the Nouns Used as Adjectives The flood waters reached the top of the barrier. According to Greek mythology, Zeus is the king of gods and men. For the pizza party Jane made Italian pasta as a side dish. A basketball referee should be in good physical condition. Pronouns Used as Adjectives Possessive pronouns (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) followed by nouns are often called possessive adjectives. They are pronouns because they have antecedents, and they are adjectives since they answer the question Which One? my book your friend his idea her courage its surface our destination their reservation Pronouns Used as Adjectives The four demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) are actually demonstrative adjectives when they are followed by nouns. They also answer the question Which One? this painting these pictures that portrait those sculptures Pronouns Used as Adjectives Some interrogative pronouns (which, what, whose) are followed by nouns. When this happens, they’re actually interrogative adjectives, and they modify the nouns that follow them. Which student borrowed the library book today? What time are we leaving for the train station? Whose project is posted on the bulletin board? Pronouns Used as Adjectives A number of indefinite pronouns (both, few, many, each, most, some, all, etc.) can be followed by nouns, which makes them indefinite adjectives. They often tell How Much? both representatives few complications many circumstances each attraction most phenomena some predicaments all experiments Find the Pronouns Used as Adjectives Several people are presenting their interpretations of the novels in class this afternoon. Which lawyer will argue her case in court? Our report can help all students understand what steps we can take to save those animals. Whose appointment is scheduled in a few days? Adverbs An adverb can modify 3 different parts of speech – a verb, an adjective, or another adverb Adverbs answer the questions Where? When? In What Way? To What Extent? about the verb, adjective, or adverb. Most adverbs have an –ly ending. Adverbs That Modify Verbs Where? drove down stay nearby When? report later come tomorrow In What Way? cautiously approached walk quietly To What Extent? hardly counted scarcely escaped Adverbs That Modify Adjectives When an adverb modifies an adjective, it usually answers the question: To What Extent? adv. adj. noun verb PA Very old violins are valuable. adj. noun verb adv. PA The food was not ready. adj. adv. adj. noun verb adj. noun The unusually quiet girls had a secret. Adverbs That Modify Other Adverbs When an adverb modifies another adverb, it usually answers the question: To What Extent? adj. noun verb phrase adv. adv. Some violins are played extremely rarely. adj. noun verb adj. adj. noun adv. adv. The boy lost the chess game too quickly. adj. noun verb phrase adv. adv. A spy must move very cautiously. Adverbs That Do Not End With -ly afterward almost very quite often there hard sometimes soon everywhere long later here fast straight Similarly, not all –ly words are adverbs. Lovely, friendly, lively, kindly, lonely, homely, and elderly are used as adjectives. Find the Adverbs People usually handle old violins carefully. Sometimes airplanes fly quite low in the sky. The heater ran almost continuously during the day. Quickly tell your friend the answer. Orators often speak confidently in front of others. Avoiding Double Negatives Negative words express the idea of “no.” Not often appears in a shortened form as part of a contraction. is not = isn’t was not = wasn’t did not = didn’t Avoid using double negatives, 2 negative words together in the same sentence. Instead, remove one negative word or change it to an affirmative word, which shows the idea of “yes.” Incorrect: That isn’t no beautiful sofa. Correct: That isn’t a beautiful sofa. Correct the Double Negatives any She doesn’t have no time to work on the project today. He hardly never refuses when someone asks him for help. Be careful when walkinganybody across the wet floors; we don’t want nobody to slip. any We couldn’t find no one who knew the directions to the museum. Comparative Forms of Adjectives The comparative form of an adjective compares two things or people. For most adjectives of one syllable & some of two syllables, add –er to the adjective when comparing. younger older softer earlier For most adjectives of two or more syllables, add more before the adjective when comparing. more colorful more beautiful Superlative Forms of Adjectives The superlative form of an adjective compares more than two things or people. For most adjectives of one syllable & some of two syllables, add –est to the adjective when comparing. youngest oldest softest earliest For most adjectives of two or more syllables, add most before the adjective when comparing. most colorful most beautiful Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives Adjective Comparative Superlative good, well (healthy) better best bad worse worst many, much more most little (amount) little (size) less littler least littlest Comparative Forms of Adverbs The comparative form of an adverb compares two actions. For short adverbs, add –er as an ending when comparing. louder faster harder later For long adverbs, use more before the adverb when comparing. more rapidly more harshly Superlative Forms of Adverbs The superlative form of an adverb compares more than two actions. For short adverbs, add –est as an ending when comparing. loudest fastest hardest latest For long adverbs, use most before the adverb when comparing. most rapidly most harshly Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adverbs Adverb Comparative Superlative well better best badly worse worst little (amount) less least Use the Correct Comparative or Superlative Form farthest The DeAngelos had to walk ________ of all to school. (far) Not surprisingly, parks that are nearest ________ to population centers have most the _________ visitors. (near, many) more proudly after winning He walked ___________ the award. (proudly) most interesting Geysers are one of nature’s ________ phenomena. (interesting) Distinguishing Adjectives from Adverbs Adjectives and adverbs are often confused, especially when they appear after verbs. The musicians are professional. The predicate adjective professional follows a linking verb and describes (modifies) musicians. The musicians behaved professionally. The adverb professionally follows and describes (modifies) the action verb behaved. Distinguishing Adjectives from Adverbs Adjectives The sound is bad. The band sounds good. The soloist seems well. (healthy) Music is a real art. A pianist needs sure hands. Most pianos have eighty-eight keys. Adverbs The actor sang badly. (Good is never an adverb.) The band played well. Music is really popular. Piano music is surely popular. Piano strings almost never break. Which is correct, Adjective or Adverb? I am (real, really) glad we left the park before the thunderstorm. He was (good, well) enough to go back to school when his fever was gone. I (sure, surely) appreciate all the assistance that was given. She proved that she could play (good, well) enough to be first chair flute. Adjective Clauses An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. Starts with a relative pronoun that which who whose whom Immediately follows the noun it modifies They visited the memorial that remembers Holocaust victims. Requires commas only if not essential to the meaning of the sentence Adverb Clauses An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. Starts with a subordinating conjunction after because though when (see pg. 452) Can be anywhere in the sentence Requires a comma when it starts a sentence When she reached the station, Marie phoned. Find the Adjective or Adverb Clause The Aqua-Lung, which divers strap on, holds oxygen. Scuba divers wear tanks because they cannot breathe underwater. After she bought safe equipment, Lee explored the undersea world. Did you see the meet that our team won yesterday? The woman who is near the pool is a good swimmer. Bibliography Carroll, Joyce A., Edward E. Wilson, and Gary Forlini. Prentice Hall Writing and Grammar. Vol. Grade 8. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2008. Royster, Jacqueline J., and Mark Lester. Writer's Choice Grammar Workbooks : Teacher's Wraparound Edition. Vol. Grade 8. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1996. Writer's Choice Grammar Workbook 1996 : Grade 8. Vol. Grade 8. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1999.