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Chapter 6 Personal Pronouns 10th Edition, © 2011, Cengage Learning Guidelines for Using Personal Pronouns Pronouns fall into three cases. Singular Plural Subjective Case Objective Case Possessive Case I me my, mine you you your, yours he him his she her hers it it its we us our, ours you you your, yours they them their, theirs Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-2 Basic Use of Subjective Case Subjective case pronouns are used as subjects of verbs. ◦ He is the supervisor we hired last month. ◦ We asked if they were coming. ◦ They submitted the report on time. Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-3 Basic Use of Objective Case Objective case pronouns are used as objects of verbs and prepositions. ◦ Object of verb The manager called us. We told them our plans. ◦ Object of preposition That desk is for her. Requests are sent to him. Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-4 Basic Use of Possessive Case Possessive pronouns show ownership or special relationship. They require NO apostrophes: hers, yours, ours, theirs, its. ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Hers is the shiny red Jeep. Our report is here; where is yours? Its hood makes the machine less noisy. Theirs is the house with white trim. Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-5 Challenges in Using Personal Pronouns Compounds Comparatives Appositives Reflexive Pronouns Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-6 Compounds When pronouns appear as compound subjects or objects, ignore the extra noun or pronoun and related words. ◦ Only the manager and I (not me) will attend. ◦ Mrs. Kuwata assigned Mike and me (not I) to the job. Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-7 Comparatives In statements of comparison, finish the implied comparison in order to determine pronoun case. ◦ No one works harder than she (not her). (No one works harder than she works.) ◦ Smoking annoys me as much as him. (Smoking annoys me as much as it annoys him.) Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-8 Appositives Appositives rename or explain previously mentioned nouns or pronouns. When pronouns are used in apposition, temporarily ignore the appositive. ◦ We (not Us) clerks have our own union. ◦ The lockers are for us (not we) girls. Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-9 Reflexive Pronouns Do not use self or selves to end a pronoun unless it refers to a previously stated noun or pronoun in the same sentence. ◦ I myself placed the order. ◦ My friend and I (not myself) will apply. ◦ The mail is for Lisa and him (not himself). Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-10 Advanced Applications of SubjectiveCase Pronouns Subject complement Infinitive to be without subject Infinitive to be with subject Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-11 Subject Complement Whenever a pronoun follows a linking verb, that pronoun will be in the subjective case. ◦ It was he who volunteered. ◦ The caller might have been she. Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-12 Infinitive To Be Without Subject Subjective pronouns are used following the infinitive to be when the infinitive has no subject. ◦ Kelly was often taken to be she. (The infinitive to be has no subject. The pronoun she functions as the complement of the subject. Kelly is she.) ◦ I wonder if Mr. Woods was taken to be he. (The infinitive to be has no subject; the pronoun he completes the meaning of Mr. Woods. Mr. Woods was he.) Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-13 Infinitive To Be With Subject Objective case pronouns are used following the infinitive to be when the infinitive does have a subject. ◦ We thought Ann to be her. (The subject of to be is Ann. Ann and its pronoun both function as objects: We thought her to be Ann.You would not say, We thought she to be Ann.) ◦ Do you expect the attorney to be him? (The subject of to be is attorney; the object is the pronoun him. Attorney and its pronoun both function as objects.) Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-14 Summary of Pronoun Cases Subjective Case Objective Case • Subject of verb • Subject complement Direct or indirect object of verb • Infinitive to be without subject Object of preposition Object of an infinitive Infinitive to be with subject Chapter 6, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved 6-15