Download An intransitive verb

Verbs
Verbs
• A verb is a word (run) or a phrase (run out
of) which expresses the existence of a
state (love, seem) or doing of an action
(take, play).
Verbs
• Two facts are basic:
• Verbs are used to express distinction in
time (past, present, future) through tense
(often with adverbials of time or frequency)
• Auxiliary verbs are used with full verbs to
give other information about actions and
states
Verbs
• The properties of the verb are: numbers,
persons, voices, moods, tenses, aspects.
• There are three persons and two numbers
of verbs.
Verbs
• The voices are: the active and passive
• The active voice is that form of a verb in which
the subject denotes the doer of the action.
• e.g. The postman delivers the mail twice a day.
• The passive voice is that form of a verb in which
the subject denotes a person or a thing that
suffers the action expressed by its verb.
• e.g. The mail is delivered twice a day.
Verbs
• The moods are: the indicative, the subjunctive
and the imperative.
• The indicative represents something as a fact.
E.g. The sun rises every morning.
• The subjunctive represents something not as a
reality, or a fact, but only as a desire, plan,
something we hope. It expresses a condition or
supposition. E.g. I wish I were there.
• The imperative represents: commands,
requests, wishes.
Verbs
• A tense is a form of the verb used to
denote the time, continuance and
completeness of an action. Tenses in
English are formed by adding suffixes –
es/s, -(e)d or by the aid of auxiliary verbs.
• An aspect denotes the development of an
action. In English there are two aspects:
the continuous and the infinite.
Verbs
• The indefinite aspect (static or perfective
aspect) denotes that the action is regarded
as complete, taken as a fact. E.g. The sun
rises in the east.
• The continuous aspect (or the progressive
aspect, which is sometimes called the
durative, dynamic or imperfective aspect)
denotes that the action is regarded as
incomplete, being in progress. E.g. The
sun is rising in the east.
Verbs
• Verbs can be divided into several groups
• Stative verbs are not generally used in
progressive forms. They refer to states,
experiences, conditions. E.g.: like, love,
think, understand, prefer, want, hear,
see…
• Dymamic verbs refer to action or changing
situation. E.g.: make, play, dance, swim,
run…
Verbs
• Regular verbs are those which have one stem
ad three forms made by adding suffixes -es, -ed,
-ing to the stem.
• Irregular verbs have one stem and add two
suffixes -es and -ing to form two forms, while the
third form the Preterit and the Past Participle is
made:
• -by vowel change (find, found, found)
• -by two vowel changes (sing, sang, sung)
• -by using the stem (put, put, put)
Verbs
• Irregular verbs are those which have only
one form, while a new form (which serves
as the Preterit) is formed by vowel change.
Those are modal verbs. E.g. can/could,
may/might, shall/should, will/would.
Verbs
• Other group of irregular verbs is called
auxiliary. Auxiliary verbs are those which
help us to form tenses of another verb.
E.g. Shall and will can be used as auxiliary
verbs for future tense. Should and would
for Present and Past Conditional.
• Verbs ‘be’, ‘have’ and ‘do’ are called
primary auxiliary verbs. They can be used
as both main and auxiliary verbs
Verbs
• Impersonal verbs are those which are
used only in the third person singular with
it as a subject. E.g. It rains./It is raining./It
snows./It is snowing.
Verbs
• A transitive verb is a verb that requires an
object to complete its meaning. Object can
be a noun, pronoun or a clause. E.g. I see
the tracks in the snow.
• If the action passes back to the doer the
transitive verb is called a Reflexive verb.
E.g. They painted themselves blue.
Verbs
• An intransitive verb denotes a state or an
action without reference to an object. E.g. I
am sitting./He dreams.
• An intransitive verb can become transitive
by taking an object noun of a meaning
similar to that of the verb. E.g. He dreamt
a terrible dream.