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by Harriett Stoker and Tammy Crouch What can we do to help them understand? [email protected] [email protected] Adapted from Robbie’s presentation Aug. 7, 2012 start with nouns, verbs, noun markers—articles (K-2) (students don’t have to know it to be introduced to it.) “When I see an article, I know a noun is coming.” start with prepositions (3rd) article, adjective, noun (3-8th) Skills become progressively complex Words that are ALWAYS verbs Words that are ALWAYS adverbs- too, quite, very, always, never, not, almost) (a quote they use “not is not a verb, never is never a verb…they are both adverbs!”) Questions that only adverbs answer (Harriett starts this with, “When I say adverb, you say…” students quote-”how, when, where, why, and to what extent.” Questions that only adjectives answer-Harriett starts this with, “What 6 functions of a noun or pronoun- subject, direct object, indirect object, Harriett gives students list of pronouns Common/proper nouns (be able to list these) are the questions that only an adjective answers?” and students quote, “What kind, which one and how many?” object of preposition, predicate nominative, appositive Prepositions- (use Preposition Bingo-first day of school, monthly, and give students a list of prepositions that they are quizzed on and allowed to use any other time throughout the year) “When I see an article, I know a noun is coming.” “article, adjective, noun” is another article/noun pattern Every preposition must have an object (quote it often) “I know that the object of the preposition is either a ____ or a ____.” **students say noun/pronoun and identify it… I ask “How did you know?” “The peace sign”( 98% of the time the verb phrase splits with the subject in the middle) lots of adverbs end in –ly functions (what are things noun/pronoun can do?) **create your own schedule to address your needs Why do we put prepositional phrases in jail? •Because they give us trouble, may cause us to pick the wrong subject Say hello to linking verbs: (they have to LINK) For vivid writing, Harriett uses a triangle type of writing: flowers The flowers The dancing flowers The dancing field of flowers The boy ran. The cute boy ran quickly. The cute little boy ran quickly. The cute little boy ran quickly down the road. Harriett gives students a “Pronoun Study Sheet” that contains the information from the next 3 slides: •What is a pronoun? o A pronoun is a word used in the place of a noun. The word the pronoun refers to is called the antecedent I, he, she, we, they, it, you, me, him, her, us, them are commonly used pronouns Types of pronouns: • Personal Pronouns o A personal pronoun refers to: First Person (the one speaking) I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours Second Person (the one spoken to) you, your, yours Third Person (the one spoken about) he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs •Reflexive Pronouns o A reflexive pronoun refers to the subject and functions as a complement or an object of a preposition First Person myself, ourselves Second Person yourself, yourselves Third Person himself, herself, itself, themselves •Intensive Pronouns o An intensive pronoun emphasize a noun or another pronoun First Person myself, ourselves Second Person yourself, yourselves Third Person himself, herself, itself, themselves • Demonstrative Pronouns o A demonstrative pronoun points out a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. this, that, these, those • Interrogative Pronouns o An interrogative pronoun introduces a question what, which, who, whom, whose • Relative Pronouns o A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate clause that, which, who, whom, whose • Indefinite Pronouns o An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, a place, or an idea that may or may not be specifically named all both everything neither other another each few nobody several any each other many none some anybody either more no other somebody anyone everybody most nothing someone anything everyone much one something Why put prepositional phrases in jail? Follow-up workshop is possible– just email [email protected]