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ESPAÑOL I
Repaso de Capítulo 7
CULTURA-ARGENTINA
Cultura- Argentina
• Capital: Buenos Aires
• Argentina is located in the Southern Hemisphere which means it’s
winter months are during our summer months. This is why skiing is a
popular sport during the months of August and July.
• Population: 37 million +
• Between 1857 and 1939, 3.5 million people immigrated to Argentina
from various parts of Europe such as Germany, Italy, Spain, Great
Britain, Austria, Norway, and Switzerland.
• Currency: Argentinean Peso
• Government: Republic
• National Dance: Tango
• The Tango originated in immigrant neighborhoods during the 18th
century.
• The “Festival del Tango” in Buenos Aires is dedicated to the music and
dance of the Tango.
Argentina
• Buenos Aires
• The people of Buenos Aires are
known as porteños
• San Carlos de Bariloche
• Known as the “Switzerland of the
Andes” due to it’s mountainous
geography.
• Los Andes
• Mountain Range that runs North to
South in Argentina on the border with
Chile.
• La Pampa
• Known as “the land of the gauchos
(cowboys)” and is the heart of
Argentinian Cattle raising
• Tierra de Fuego
• The land of the Fire is home to
Ushuaia, the southern most city in the
world. It receives 20 hours of light
each day in December & January.
• Penguins live in large colonies in this
extremely southern part of Argentina.
Cultura- Argentina
• Más Lugares:
• La Cueva de las Manos- located in Patagonia, it is was made by
prehistoric hunters in the region more than 10 million years ago.
• La Boca- this is a neighborhood located in Buenos Aires that was
originally home to Italian immigrants. The neighborhood is known
for the colorful houses and tango music that fills the air.
• La Garganta del Diablo- one of 275 waterfalls on the Border with
Brazil and is part of the Iguazú Waterfalls.
• El Parque Provincial Ischigualasto- this part is known for it’s
strange geological formations and has fossils from the Triassic
Periods. One of the oldest dinosaurs, the Euraptor Lunesis, was
discovered here.
Cultura- Argentina
• Comida:
• Mate- Each day between 4 and 6 in the afternoon, Argentinians
drink a tea called mate. Mate is an herbal tea made from an herb
called yerba mate. The tea is served in a metal gourd or cup, also
called mate, and is sipped through a straw called a bombilla. Mate
is made by placing the herb in the bottom of the cup and then
pouring hot water from a kettle called a pava over the herb.
• La parrillada- This is a typical food in Argentina. It combines various
types of meats and are served on large buffets.
• Las picadas- Las picadas are restaurants that serve large
assortments of appetizers and finger foods prepared with cheese,
meat, seafood, and nuts.
REMEMBER: The food from Argentina is heavily influenced from
other cultures (such as Spain and Italy) due to the large amount of
immigrants to Argentina from 1857-1939.
Cultura- Argentina
• Celebraciones :
• La Fiesta de la Semana de la Tradición- is celebrated in San
Antonio de Areco (in La Pampa), and is the largest Argentinian
festival dedicated the cowboys (gauchos) and their customs.
• El Festival del Tango- celebrated in Buenos Aires. This festival is
dedicated to the music and the dance of the Tango.
• La arquitectura• The church and convent of San Francisco de Salta has the tallest
tower in South America at 53 meters tall. Located in the extreme
north of the country, it was designed by Spanish and Italian
architects.
• European Architecture, like that found in the Alps, can be found in
several cities in Argentina. San Carlos de Bariloche reflects the
German heritage found in the Andes region.
GRAMMAR
Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns
The verbs estar, sentirse, and tener
Affirmative Commands
Negative Commands
Reflexive Verbs and Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns
• Reflexive Verbs are verbs in which the subject does the
action of the verb to itself. (The subject and the object are
the same).
• When you conjugate a reflexive verb, a reflexive pronoun
must be used to show that the subject acts upon itself.
Subject
Pronoun
Subject
Pronoun
Yo
Me
Nosotros(as)
Nos
Tú
Te
Vosotros(as)
Os
Usted
Se
Ustedes
Se
Él
Se
Ellos
Se
Ella
Se
Lavar
Lavar- to wash
I wash
Lavo
We wash
Lavamos
You wash
Lavas
You wash
Laváis
You wash
Usted Lava
You wash
Ustedes Lavan
He washes
Él Lava
They wash
Ellos Lavan
She washes
Ella Lava
Lavarse
Lavarse- to wash (oneself)
I wash (myself)
Me Lavo
We wash
(ourselves)
Nos Lavamos
You wash
(yourself)
Te Lavas
You wash
(yourselves)
Os Laváis
You wash
(youself)
Usted Se Lava
You wash
(yourselves)
Ustedes Se Lavan
He washes
(himself)
Él Se Lava
They wash
(themselves)
Ellos Se Lavan
She washes
(herself)
Ella Se Lava
Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns
• Reflexive Pronouns are placed
• Before a conjugated verb
• Me lavo- I wash (myself)
• Attached to an infinitive
• Voy a lavarme- I am going to wash (myself)
• Acabo de lavarme- I just washed (myself)
• Attached to an Affirmative Command
• Lávate- Wash (yourself)
• Placed before a Negative Command
• No te lavas- Don’t wash (yourself)
Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns
• REMEMBER:
• After prepositions such as para, antes de, and después de, you DO
NOT conjugate the infinitive. If the infinitive is a reflexive verb,
however, you must change the reflexive pronoun to match the
subject.
• Tengo que levantarme temprano para entrenarme.
• I have to get up early in order to workout.
• Reflexive Verbs can stem-change so always remember the BOOT!
Estar, Sentirse, and Tener
Estar, Sentirse, and Tener
• Estar is used to describe mental or physical states (remember
H.E.L.P.C.T.)
• Estoy enfermo- I am sick.
• Estar & Sentirse can be used with the adverbs bien (well) / mal
(bad) or adjectives to describe mental or physical states.
• Estoy enfermo- I am sick
• Me siento enfermo- I feel sick.
• REMEMBER that Sentirse stem changes e-ie and is a
reflexive verb so the pronoun must be included.
• Tener is used with certain nouns to create Tener Expressions to
describe physical and mental states. These nouns can ONLY
be used with tener and not estar or sentirse
• Tener miedo- To be scared
• Tengo miedo- I am scared.
Informal Commands
Informal Commands
• Informal Commands are referring to either tú in the
singular form and vosotros in the plural form.
• Formal Commands are referring to either usted in the
singular form and ustedes in the plural form.
• Affirmative Commands tell someone to do something.
• Run!
• Negative Commands tell someone NOT to do something.
• Don’t Run!
Affirmative Informal Commands
Affirmative Informal Commands
• To form:
• Put the verb in Present Tense tú form
• Drop –s.
• Escuchar
• Escuchas
• Escucha.
Affirmative Informal Commands
• To form:
• Vestirse (e;i)
• Put the verb in Present Tense tú form
• Te vistes
• Drop –s.
• Te viste
• Attach the pronoun to the command
• Vistete
• Accent the 2nd to last syllable of the original
• Vístete.
command.
Irregular Affirmative Informal Commands
English Command
Spanish Command
Have.
Ten.
Come.
Ven.
Put.
Pon.
Go.
Ve.
Be. (Ser)
Sé.
Be. (Estar)
Estés.
Do/Make.
Haz.
Go out/Leave.
Sal.
Tell/Say.
Di.
When attaching Direct Object Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns to irregular
commands, you don’t accent the command because they are only one syllable.
Affirmative Informal Commands
• DON’T FORGET:
• Some verbs have stem-changes in the tú form.
• You have to follow the steps to make sure that the command is
spelled correctly.
Informal Negative Commands
Negative Informal Commands
• To form:
• Put the verb in Present Tense yo form
• Drop –o
• Add the opposite ending
• -as for –er,-ir verbs
• -es for –ar verbs
• Don’t forget the NO Since it is a Negative
Command
• Escuchar
• Escucho
• Escuch
• Escuches
• No escuches
Negative Informal Commands
• To form:
• Put the verb in Present Tense yo form
• Drop –o
• Add the opposite ending
• -as for –er,-ir verbs
• -es for –ar verbs
• Change the me to te because it is an
informal command
• Don’t forget the NO Since it is a Negative
Command
• Vestirse
• Me visto
• Me Vist
• Me vistas
• Te vistas
• No te vistas
Informal Negative Commands
• Because your 1st step in Negative Commands, you need
to remember you Irregular 1st Person Present Verbs!
• Hacer- Hago
• Poner- Pongo
• Salir- Salgo
• Decir- Digo
• Traer- Traigo
• Tener- Tengo
• Venir- Vengo
• Ver- Veo
• Conocer- Conozco
Irregular Informal Negative Commands
English Command
Spanish Command
Don’t Give.
No des
Don’t Go.
No vayas
Do Be (Ser).
No seas
Don’t Be (Estar).
No estes
Don’t see/watch
No veas
Don’t know (saber).
No sepas
Remember that you do NOT attach Direct Object Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns to
Negative Commands. Instead, they are placed before the command, after the no.
VOCABULARIO
Vocabulary can be found on your Chapter 7-Part I and II
Vocabulary Lists as well as on page 263 in your
textbook.