Download Grammar Point: Definite and indefinite articles

Grammar Point:
Direct Object Pronouns
Singular
Plural
me
te
me
you (informal)
nos
us
lo
it, him, you (masc. formal) los them, you all (masc.)
la
it, her, you (fem. formal)
las them, you all (fem.)
• Direct object pronouns tell who or what receives the ACTION
of the verb.
• Direct object pronouns can be placed in FRONT of the
conjugated verb.
• Direct object pronouns can also be ATTACHED to infinitives,
commands or present participle forms of verbs.
Grammar Point:
Direct Object Pronouns
EXAMPLES
• My mom takes ____ to the movies. = Mi madre _____ lleva al cine.
Whom does my mom take to the movies? What’s the most logical answer?
• I’m going to the party with John. He called____ yesterday to invite ___. =
Yo voy a la fiesta con John. Él ______ llamó ayer para invitar____.
Whom did John call? Whom did he invite?
• You are excited because your dad is taking ____ to get your license. =
Tú estás entusiasmada porque tu padre ____ lleva para obtener tu
permiso de manejar.
Whom is your dad taking to get your driver’s license?
• The teacher believes _____because we always tell the truth. =
La profesor _____ cree porque nosotros siempre decimos la verdad.
Whom does the teacher believe?
Grammar Point:
Affirmative tú Commands
To form the command of a verb that is not
irregular, use the él/ella/Ud. form of the verb
in its conjugated form. Be sure you know
your verb endings for –ar, – er and –ir verbs
in the present tense.
-ar verbs
command
form
a
-er/-ir verbs
e
Grammar Point:
Irregular Affirmative tú Commands
These verbs are irregular in the
affirmative tú command:
poner = pon
tener = ten
venir = ven
hacer = haz
salir = sal
ir = ve
decir = di
ser = sé
Grammar Point:
Attaching Pronouns
Direct and indirect object pronouns can be
attached to the end of
- infinitives
- affirmative commands
- present participles
Sometimes it’s necessary to add an accent
mark. You can cover up the direct object
pronoun and count back 2 vowels to decide
where to put the accent mark.
Grammar Point:
Present Progressive
The present progressive involves implies that
an action is taking place at that exact moment.
Part 1 + Part 2
Estar + present participle form of verb
You MUST have BOTH PARTS for the verb to
be complete!
Grammar Point:
Present Progressive
PART 1: Conjugate estar for the subject of the sentence
Yo
estoy
Tú
estás
Ud.
Él
Ella
1 person
1 thing
está
Nosotros
Nosotras
___ y yo
Uds.
Ellos
Ellas
2+ people
2+ things
estamos
están
Grammar Point:
Present Progressive
PART 2: the present participle form of the verb
To form the present participle (the same as the -ing form
of a verb in English):
-ar verbs:
drop off -ar → add -ando
-er and -ir verbs:
drop off the -er/-ir → add –iendo
*see next slide for a list of irregular present participles
Grammar Point:
Present Progressive
Irregular Present Participles
These verbs are irregular in the present
progressive:
decir: diciendo
pedir: pidiendo
repetir: repitiendo
seguir: siguiendo
servir: sirviendo
vestir: vistiendo
dormir: durmiendo
creer: creyendo
leer: leyendo
traer: trayendo