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Course ILT
Operating systems
Unit objectives
 Identify operating system
fundamentals
 Manage files on a computer
Course ILT
Topic A
 Topic A: Operating system
fundamentals
 Topic B: Directory and file
management
Course ILT
Microsoft Windows XP
Course ILT
Mac OS X
Course ILT
RedHat Linux
Course ILT
Dependability features
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Stable OS architecture
System restore
Device driver rollback
Device driver verification
Reduced reboot scenarios
Scalable memory/processor support
Course ILT
Application failure reduction
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Side-by-side DLLs
Windows File Protection
Windows Installer
Internet Explorer Add-on Manager
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Security features
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Windows Firewall
Encrypting File System (EFS)
IP Security
Kerberos
Smart card support
Windows Security Center
Course ILT
Management and deployment
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Application compatibility
User State Migration Tool
Hardware standards support
Dynamic updates
IEAK
System Preparation Tool
Setup Manager
Remote OS Installation
Multilingual support
Course ILT
Desktop management features
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Remote Assistance
Group policies
Help and Support Center
Microsoft Management Console
(MMC)
 Recovery console
 Safe Mode Startup Options
Course ILT
Usability features
 Graphical user interface
 Adaptive user environment
 Troubleshooters
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Mobile-computing features
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Remote desktop
Offline file and folder support
Offline viewing
Laptop power management features
Hot docking
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface
Course ILT
Networking features
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Wireless networking
Home networking
Network Setup Wizard
Network bridge
Internet Connection Sharing
Bluetooth 2.0
Course ILT
Product life cycle
 Mainstream support
 Extended support
 Self-help online support
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Windows XP Professional features
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Remote desktop
Multiprocessor support
Automated System Recovery (ASR)
Dynamic disk support
Fax service
Internet Information Services
(IIS)/Personal Web server
 Encrypting File System (EFS)
continued
Windows XP Pro features, continued
Course ILT
 File-level access control
– Windows XP Home Edition/Professional
computers that are not domain members
use Simple File Sharing
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C2 certification
Domain membership
Group policies
IntelliMirror
Remote Installation Services (RIS)
Roaming profiles
continued
Course ILT
Windows XP Pro features, continued
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Multilingual support
64-bit version
IPSec user interface
SNMP
Simple TCP/IP services
SAP agent
Client services for NetWare
Network monitor
Client-side caching
Administrative tools
Course ILT
Activity A-1
Selecting an appropriate
Windows operating system
Windows XP Professional
Desktop
Course ILT
Recycle Bin
Start menu
Taskbar
System tray
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Windows 2000 Professional
My Computer
My Network
Places
Recycle Bin
Start menu
Taskbar
System tray
Windows Explorer
Course ILT
Menu bar
Drive
Folder/
directories
Drive
Toolbar
Files
File File
size type
Date created
or modified
Course ILT
Activity A-2
Locating Windows XP
interface components
Course ILT
System tools
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Control Panel
Computer Management Console
Accessories/System Tools
Command-line utility
Device Manager
Course ILT
Activity A-3
Observing Windows XP system tools
Course ILT
Topic B
 Topic A: Operating system
fundamentals
 Topic B: Directory and file
management
Course ILT
Directory structure
Course ILT
MS-DOS navigation commands
 Command/cmd
 Dir
 Chdir/cd
Command/cmd
Course ILT
 Basic syntax:
command
cmd
 Optional parameters and switches:
command drive:path device ►
/e:nnnn /p /c string /msg
Dir command
Course ILT
 Basic syntax:
dir
 Optional parameters and switches:
dir drive:path filename /p /w ►
/a:attributes /o:sortorder /s ►
/b /l
Course ILT
/a:attributes
h
-h
s
-s
d
-d
a
-a
r
-r
Hidden files
Non-hidden files
System files
Non-system files
Directories
Files only (not directories)
Files ready for archiving
Files that have not changed since the
last archive
Read-only files
Non-read-only files
Course ILT
/o:sortorder
n
-n
e
-e
d
-d
s
-s
g
-g
Alphabetical order by name
Reverse alphabetical order by name
Alphabetical order by file extension
Reverse alphabetical order by extension
Chronological by date and time, oldest to
newest
Chronological by date and time, newest
to oldest
By size, smallest to largest
By size, largest to smallest
Grouped directories, then files
Grouped files, then directories
Chdir/cd command
Course ILT
 Basic syntax:
chdir
cd
 Optional parameters:
chdir drive:path or cd drive:path
chdir.. or cd..
chdir \ or cd \
Course ILT
Navigating in Windows Explorer
1. Click Start and choose All Programs,
Accessories, Windows Explorer
2. Click the plus sign (+) next to a drive
or folder
3. Select a drive or subfolder
Course ILT
Activity B-1
Using the command prompt
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Activity B-2
Navigating a directory tree
Course ILT
Mkdir/md command
mkdir drive:path
md drive:path
Creating a directory (Windows Explorer)
Course ILT
1.
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4.
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In the navigation pane, select the drive or folder
where you want to create the new folder
Choose File, New, Folder
Type the name of the new folder
Press Enter
Maximum depth of folder structure is 255
characters
– Includes characters representing the drive,
plus any file-name extensions
Course ILT
Activity B-3
Creating directories
Course ILT
Copying in Windows Explorer
1. In the navigation pane, select the
directory you want to copy
– To select multiple directories, hold down
Ctrl and select each directory
2. Choose Edit, Copy
3. In the navigation pane, select the
target location
4. Choose Edit, Paste
Course ILT
Activity B-4
Copying a directory
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Deleting in Windows Explorer
1. Select the folder you want to remove
2. Choose File, Delete
3. Click Yes to confirm moving the folder
and its contents to the Recycle Bin
Course ILT
Activity B-5
Removing directories
Course ILT
File types
 Binary
 Text—typically ASCII
Course ILT
File extensions
 .bat
 .bin
 .bmp; .gif;
.jpeg; .jpg;
.png; .tif
 .com
 .exe
 .hlp; .chm
 .htm; .html
Batch file
Binary file
Image file
Command file
Executable file for programs
Help file
Hypertext markup language
(HTML) file for documents
on the Web
continued
File extensions, continued
Course ILT
 .inf
 .ini
 .msi
 .rtf
 .sys
 .txt
 .vbs
Configuration settings file used
during setup/installation
Configuration settings file
Windows installer package file
Rich text file; allows
formatting
System file
Plain text file
Visual Basic script file
File-name limits
Course ILT
 MS-DOS — eight-character limit
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–
–
–
8.3
eight characters for the name
three characters for the extension
separated by a period
 Windows — 255-character limit
Course ILT
Creating a text file
1. Click Start and choose All Programs,
Accessories, Notepad
2. Enter the desired text
3. Choose File, Save As
4. From the Save In list, select the desired
directory
5. In the File Name box, type a name
6. Verify that Text Documents (*.txt) is
selected in the Save as type box
7. Click Save
8. Choose File, Exit
Course ILT
Activity B-6
Creating a text file
Course ILT
File attributes
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Read-only
Hidden
System
Archive
Attrib command
Course ILT
 Basic syntax:
attrib
 Optional parameters and switches:
attrib +r|-r +a|-a +s|-s +h|-h ►
drive:path\filename /s
Course ILT
Attrib switches
+r
-r
+a
-a
+s
-s
+h
-h
/s
Assigns the read-only attribute
Removes the read-only attribute
Assigns the archive attribute
Removes the archive attribute
Sets the file as a system file
Clears the system file attribute
Assigns the hidden attribute
Removes the hidden attribute
Applies the command to all files in
the current directory and its
subdirectories
Course ILT
Activity B-7
Modifying file attributes
Course ILT
Editing a file in Notepad
1. Click Start and choose All Programs,
Accessories, Notepad
2. Choose File, Open
3. In the Look in list, locate and select
folder containing the text file
4. In the file list, select the file
5. Click Open
6. Modify the text
7. Save the file and then exit Notepad
Course ILT
Activity B-8
Editing a text file
File permissions
Course ILT
 NTFS file security
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Windows NT Workstation
Windows 2000 Professional
Windows XP Home Edition
Windows XP Media Center Edition
Windows XP Professional
 Windows XP Home Edition
– Uses Simple File Sharing
 Windows XP Professional
– Can use either Simple File Sharing or the
classic security interface
Course ILT
NTFS file permissions
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Full control
Modify
Read & execute
Read
Write
Course ILT
NTFS folder permissions
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Full control
Modify
Read & execute
List folder contents
Read
Write
Course ILT
Considerations
 Each user account can have multiple
NTFS permissions assigned to it
 NTFS permissions are cumulative
 NTFS permissions are inherited
Course ILT
Assigning permissions
1. If necessary, disable Simple File
Sharing
2. Open Windows Explorer
3. Navigate to the desired folder or file
4. Right-click the folder or file and
choose Sharing and Security
5. Activate the Security tab
6. Select the desired user or group
continued
Course ILT
Assigning permissions, continued
7. Check Allow or Deny to set the
desired permissions
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for additional
users or groups
9. Click OK
Course ILT
Activity B-9
Assigning file permissions
Course ILT
Unit summary
 Identified operating system
fundamentals
 Managed files on a computer