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Note these General and essential Points --
1. It is essential to give question number and
sub question number in the margin
provided.
2. Next question ( NOT SUBQUESTION) must
start on next page.
3. Draw relevant diagrams even if not asked.
4. All figures must be drawn by pencil. They
must be labeled and sufficiently large.
SAFE HANDS
Note these Points - - 7. While solving numerical problems first write given
data convert it into S.I. units. Write the formula
needed and substitute the values. Do calculations
using log or direct in a box call it as rough work ( it
should be neat and good looking)
8. The answer of numerical problem must be with
units and should be in a box.
9. While deriving any expression remember that your
next step is outcome of previous step.
10. If you want to cancel some part don’t cancel it as
“Parallel axis theorem : If Iz is MI about an axis
perpendicular
it should be as—
Points you need to remember
11. Diagrams must be labeled and arrow must be
shown for current and vectors. The key must
be introduced and polarities of A, V, source,
must be shown.
12. Show polarity of cells
13. Arrow on wire indicating direction of current
14. Remember to show variable resistance
(rheostat), key, Galvanometer, source of e.m.f.
with polarity ( take proper care when used in
potentiometer)
15. All most every definition must be with example.
16. If question is about comparison or
assumptions then just give the list of points.
Points to remember
17.While doing numerical problems of
meter bridge or Whetstone's network
better have figure.
18.When ac is applied direction of current is
not to be showed
19.Remember to indicate transformer,
primary, secondary, load resistance, “e”
input ac voltage, Vo output voltage, if full
wave rectifier then center tap, direction of
current in load resistance connected to
output.
20.Once you note down data in SI units think
PAPER “Physics” BOARD PATERN IS
Single Paper of 3 hours with total marks
70 =35 ( section I ) + 35 (Section II)
Passing will be at 18 ( Useful for NEET
students)
QU1 : ( 7 marks) one will be numerical
QU2 :( 12 marks) 2 marks each solve any 6 /8
(at least 4 numerical problems)
QU 3:( 9 marks) 3 marks each solve any 3 from
4
(at least 1 numerical problems)
QU 4: (7 marks) 7 marks each solve any 1 from
IN SHORT IN PHYSICS PAPER WILL
CONSIST OF
1. 12 MCQ based on theory 2 MCQ based on
numerical in all 14 MCQ
2. 16 short answer questions of 2 marks each
with 8 numerical from which you need to
solve 12 means 12 short answer questions
3. Two 3 marks and 1 four mark question with
less choice 2 from QU 3 and 1 from QU 4.
with 3 numerical of 3+ 4 or 3 marks. Means
in Paper of Physics 25 marks will be
numerical
SAFE HANDS
Circular
Motion
Total Marks 4/5
Question may be of
1,2,3 or 4 marks
Circular Motion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Questions for 2 marks
Define uniform circular motion. Why it is
called as periodic?
Define angular displacement, radius
vector
Define angular acceleration, Centripetal
force
Obtain relation between velocity and
angular velocity of a particle in UCM
Obtain relation between linear
acceleration and angular acceleration of
a particle in circular motion
6. What is banking of road?Is the safe speed
limit is same for all vehicles? why?
7. Derive expression for maximum speed
where the curved road is not banked
8. Explain the need of banking of road
9. Distinguish between centripetal and
centrifugal force
10.Explain why centrifugal force is called as
pseudo force
11.Draw neat diagram of force acting on
vehicle moving along banked road
12.What is conical pendulum?
13.Define angular velocity, angular
acceleration and give their directions
14.Define angular velocity, angular
acceleration and give their SI units
15.Define UCM and obtain relation between
linear and angular velocity
16.Explain centripetal and centrifugal force
17.Derive an expression for centripetal
acceleration
18.Define angle of banking and obtain
expression for the same.
19.Write Newton’s equations for rotational
motion.
20.Obtain expression for time period of conical
Important formulae of CM
1
n
T
aResultant  ac2  aT2  (r ω 2 ) 2  (r  ) 2
2π
ω
 2π n
T
  
v  ωr
h
v  r g tanθ  r g   r g
L
2
ω2  ω1  α t
ω2  ω1 2 π (n2  n1 )
1   2
1 2
α

  ω1t  αt  (
)t
t
t
2
2
v
2(KE)
2
a
 rω  v ω 
r
mr
2
(ω2 ) 2  (ω1 ) 2  2α
SAFE HANDS
Gravitation
Total marks 3/5
Questions may be of
1,2,3,4 marks
Questions for 2 marks
1. State Newton’s law of gravitation, give
SI unit and dimensions of constant of
gravitation
2. Obtain relation between gravitation
constant and gravitational acceleration
at certain height from surface of earth
3. Obtain relation between gravitational
acceleration at certain height from
surface of earth and on surface of earth
4. Explain why two stage rocket is
necessary to launch a satellite
5. State the conditions under which
satellite will move in parabolic and
elliptic path
6. Derive the expression for critical
velocity of a satellite.
7. Derive an expression for period of a
satellite revolving round the earth
8. Explain communication satellite and
give its two applications
9. Define escape velocity and binding
velocity
10.Obtain expression for binding energy of
a body at height h above the surface of
earth when it is at rest
11.Obtain expression for escape velocity
of the satellite on surface of earth
12.Explain weightlessness
13.State Kepler’s laws of motion
14.Draw and explain the graph of ‘g’ and
distance from centre of earth.
For 4 marks
1. Define critical velocity and obtain
expression for it and state the factors on
which it depends
2. Obtain expression for critical velocity of
a satellite at height h and obtain
expression for period
3. Define binding energy and obtain
expression for the same
a) at rest on earth surface
b) Orbiting at height h above the surface
Important formulae of gravitation
M1M2
FG
R2
VC 
GM
g 2
R
GM

(R  h)
(R  h) 3
T  2π
GM
 d
g d  g 1  
 R
gR2
 gh (R  h) 
(R  h)
4
G π R3 ρ
3
GMm
GMm
GMm
KE

TE


PE  
2(R  h)
2(R  h)
Rh
2GM
8
Ve 
 2gR 
G π R3 ρ
R
3
v  Vc falls in P, Vc  V  Ve thenE
v  Ve then P v  Ve then H
BE 
GMm
2(R  h)
GM
 R 
gh 
 g

2
(R  h)
Rh
2
Rotational
Motion
Total marks 4/6
Possible questions
are of 1,2,3 or 4
marks
SAFE HANDS
2 marks
1. Define
Rigid body and Moment of inertia
Radius of gyration and moment of inertia
2. Explain physical significance of MI
3. Compare MI of solid sphere and hollow
sphere of same mass and of same material
4. Show that total KE of a sphere of mass m
rolling along horizontal plane with velocity
v is 7mv2/10 and similar
5. Deduce an expression of KE of rolling body
6. Prove that torque equals product of
angular velocity and moment of inertia
7. State principle of
parallel axis theorem
Principle of perpendicular axis
theorem
8. Show that MI of thin uniform rod about an
axis passing through a point midway
between center and edge, perpendicular
to it is 7ML2/48 ( and similar)
9. Using parallel axis theorem and MI of
axis of length L, mass m about an axis
perpendicular to rod is ML2/12 obtain MI
about an axis perpendicular to rod and
through edge
10. MI of solid sphere about its diameter is 2MR2/5
with usual meaning then determine MI about
tangent
11. Assuming MI of a uniform disc about an axis
passing through its center and perpendicular
to its plane,
A. obtain an expression for its MI about any
diameter
B. show that MI about tangent is 5MR2/4
C. Show that MI about axis passing through edge
and perpendicular to plane of disc is 3MR2/2
12. State the principle of conservation of angular
momentum and explain it with suitable example
13. State and prove law of conservation of angular
momentum
3 marks each
1. Define radius of gyration and give its
physical significance
2. State and prove principle of parallel axis
about moment of inertia
3. State and prove principle of
perpendicular axis about moment of
inertia
4. Derive expression for MI of a rod of mass
M and length L about an axis passing
through its center and perpendicular to
it, hence obtain MI about an axis
perpendicular to it and passing through
one of its edge
Important formulae of MI
n

g

 mk rk
1
n
m
1

g

 rdm
 dm
n
I   mk rk   r 2 dm
2
k 1
MI of standered bodies
k
KERolling  KETrans  KERot
about respective axes
KERolling 
1
1
m v 2  I ω2
2
2
τ  Iα  I(
KERolling
1
1
2
2 v
 m v  mk 2
2
2
r
2
1
k2
2
 m v (1  2 )
2
r
ω2  ω1
)
t
Oscillation
Total marks 5/7
Possible questions may be of
1,2,3 or 4 marks
SAFE HANDS
2 marks question
Define
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Periodic motion, Linear SHM
Phase of a particle performing SHM
Amplitude, Period for particle in SHM
Angular SHM, force constant
Phase and epoch
Second’s pendulum, simple pendulum
7. State the expression for KE and write
values for KE at mean position and
extreme position
8. Show that PE of a particle is directly
proportional to the square of its
displacement from mean position
9. Assuming expression for KE and PE of a
particle performing SHM obtain
expression for TE and deduce conclusion
from it.
10.Define second’s pendulum and show that
length of seconds pendulum is constant
at given place
11.Deduce an expression for period of a
particle performing SHM in terms of
force constant
13.Obtain expression of velocity using
differential equation of SHM
14.Obtain expression for period of simple
pendulum
15. State differential equation for angular
SHM give one example for the same.
16. Represent KE and PE against
displacement in separate graphs with
proper labeling
17. Write down at what distance from
mean position the KE =PE and at what
distance velocity will be half of
maximum
3 marks question
1. Show that linear SHM can be considered as the
projection of UCM on any diameter
2. Represent graphically the displacement,
velocity and acceleration against time for a
particle performing linear SHM when it starts
from extreme position
3. Assuming general equation of displacement in
SHM obtain expression for velocity and
acceleration
4. Obtain expressions for KE,PE and hence show
that TE is constant for linear SHM
5. Discuss analytically, the composition of two
SHMs of same period and parallel to each other
4 marks question
1. State the differential equation of SHM
and obtain expression for displacement,
velocity and acceleration
2. Obtain expression for period of simple
pendulum, hence calculate the length of
second’s pendulum
3. Obtain expression for the period of a
magnet vibrating in a uniform magnetic
induction
4. If x1 = a1sin(t+1) and x2=a2sin(t + 2)
obtain an expression for resultant
amplitude hence obtain resultant
o
Important formulae of Oscillation
d2 x
k
2


x

ω
x
2
m
dt
x  Asin( t   )
2
2
V  A cos( t   )   A  x
2
2
a  - A sin( t   )    x
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
KE  m (A - x )  k(A - x )
2
2
1 2 2 1 2
1 2 2 1 2
PE  m x  kx
TE  m A  kA
2
2
2
2
Important formulae of Oscillation
m
1
T  2π
 2π
k
acc. per unit displaceme nt
L
T  2
simple pendulum
g
for second' s pendulum T  2, L 
I
T  2
bar magnet
MB
g

2
Elasticit
y
SAFE HANDS
Total Marks 4/6
Possible questions are of
1,2,3 or 4 marks
Questions of 2 marks
1. What is elasticity? How can you differentiate
between elastic body and plastic body?
2. Define deforming force and perfectly elastic
body
3. Define stress and strain, write their units
4. Define stress, strain and their dimension
5. What is shearing stress? State its units and
dimension
6. The graph of stress against strain
is as shown in adjoining figure,
state what points E,Y and C
represents, define any one of them
7. Define bulk modulus & derive expression for
it.
8. What is elastic limit? What happens beyond
elastic limit?
9. State Hooks law of elasticity and define
modulus of elasticity
10. Explain why only solids posses all the three
constants of elasticity
11. Deduce an expression of Young’s modulus
of material of a long uniform wire
12. Assuming Hook’s law show that Young’s
modulus of the material of a wire is the
stress required to double the length of wire
13.Define modulus of rigidity and derive its
necessary formula
14.Prove that deforming force is directly
proportional to the change in the volume
of a wire in the case of Young’s modulus
15.Define Yield point, Breaking point
16.Explain why two identical wires of the
same material used in method for the
determination of Y
Questions for 3 marks
18. Define strain and explain its different
types
19. What is Poisson’s ratio? Why it does not
have any unit?
20.Give the expression of sag of horizontal
beam and explain terms used in it.
21.How will you relate ductility and
brittleness with stress strain graph. Give
examples of both types.
22.Define thermal stress and relate it with
coefficient of linear expansion and
Young’s modulus.
Questions for 4 marks
1. Derive expression for work done per unit
volume in stretching a wire
2. With the graph explain behavior of a wire
under increasing load
3. Prove that strain energy per unit volume
equals (stress x strain)/2
Important formulae
FL MgL
Y

A x π r2x
MgL
x
2
πr Y
dP
VdP
K

dV
( V V )
F

A
(d D) dL
  x 
( L ) Dx
1
W  (stress )  (strain )
2
Y
1
2
2
 (strain ) 
(strss )
2
2Y
1
1
2
 F  k
2
2

3
WL
4bd3 Y
Thermal Stress = Y( )
Surface Tension
Total marks 4/6
Question may be of
1,2,3 or 4 marks
Questions of 2 marks
1. Define Range of molecular attraction,
sphere of influence
2. Define Angle of contact, surface tension
3. Define Cohesive force, Adhesive force
4. Obtain dimension of surface tension and
state its units
5. State four characteristics of angle of
contact
6. Give applications of surface tension.
7. Give applications of capillary action.
8. State Laplace’s law of spherical
3 marks questions
1. Explain formation of concave and convex
surface on the basis of molecular theory
2. Explain why angle of contact is acute for
water – glass interface and is obtuse for
mercury –glass pair
3. Explain the term angle of contact, What
is the nature of an angle of contact for a
liquid which partially wets and does not
wet the solid
4. State expression for rise of liquid in
capillary tube and explain the factors
affecting the rise of liquid
4 marks questions
1. Explain surface tension on the basis of
molecular theory
2. What is surface energy? Establish
relation between surface tension and
surface energy
3. Using molecular theory explain why the
free surface of some liquids in contact
with a solid is not horizontal
4. What is capillarity? How it is used to
determine surface tension of a liquid
which wets the glass.
5. State Laplace’s law of spherical
Important formulae of properties of liquid
hr ρg
T
2 cosθ
W  T AF
F  2 T LF
2T
P 
for drop or bubble in liquid
r
T3
T2  T1
cos 
T3
T2
T
2T cosθ
h
rρg
r 2T cosθ
h+ 
3
rρg
4T
P 
for bubble in air
r
1
when R  n r
1
E=4R2T(n 3
 1)
2
 n3 )
=4r2 T(n
1 1
3
=4R T(  )
r R
Wave Motion
Total marks 3/5
Questions may be of
1,2,3 or 4 marks
Questions of 2 marks
1. Wave is doubly periodic phenomenon, explain
2. State any four characteristics of simple
harmonic progressive wave
3. Define Longitudinal, Transverse wave
4. State any four characteristics of longitudinal
wave
5. State any four characteristics of Transverse
wave
6. Distinguish between Transverse and
Longitudinal waves
7. State and explain principle of superposition of
sound waves with the help of constructive and
destructive interference
8. What are the conditions for beat
formation
9. What are beats? State two applications
of beats
10.What is Doppler's effect? State any two
applications
11.Draw neat labeled diagram of Quincke's
tube.
Questions for 3 marks
1. Obtain equation of simple harmonic
progressive wave in positive direction of
X axis
2. Explain the phenomenon of reflection of
sound waves from denser medium and
from rare medium
3. Explain the phenomenon of reflection of
transverse waves from denser medium
and from rare medium
4. State and explain principle of
superposition of waves
5. Explain method of determination of
wavelength of sound using Quincke’s
Questions for 4 marks
01. Obtain expression for progressive wave
and write it in two different form
02. Using analytical treatment show that the
beat frequency is equal to difference
between frequencies of interfering
waves.
03. Describe construction of “ Quincke’s tube”
and how it works?
04. Explain Doppler's effect in sound. Give
mathematical expression for frequency and
its
application.
Important formulae for wave mechanics
2 π x

y  A sin ω t 

λ 

x

y  A sin2  n t  
λ

2πx
δ
λ
AR  A12  A22  2A1A2 cosφ
beat frequency n1  n2
 1 .2
Vw  beat frequency  
 
2
1

x


y  A sin2π n  t  

v


 n1  n 2  
 n1  n 2 
y  2A cos2π
 t  . sin2π
t
 2  
 2 

x
 t
y  A sin2   
 T λ
2
vt  x 
y  A sin
AR



Stationary Waves
Total marks 5/7
Questions may be of
1,2,3 or 4 marks
2 mark questions
1. What are stationary waves and why they are
called so?
2. State any four characteristics of stationary
waves
3. What are the conditions of stationary
waves?
4. What are nodes and antinodes?
5. State the difference between harmonics
and overtone
6. State expression for frequency of vibrating
string hence show that n is inversely
proportional to radius and root of density of
7. Explain resonance
8. Explain forced and free vibrations
9. Describe construction of Sonometer
10.What is end correction? How to estimate
end correction?
11.State any two laws of vibrating string
12.Draw Diagrams showing parallel and
perpendicular position
13.Draw Fundamental mode of vibrating air
columns in open and close pipe
14.Draw First and second harmonics of
string
12.Distinguish between Harmonics and
overtone
13.Distinguish between stationary and
progressive waves
14.Distinguish between free and damped
vibrations
15.State the formula for fundamental
frequency of string explain terms used
16.State the formula for fundamental
frequency of vibrating air column in open
pipe and explain terms used
17.State the formula for fundamental
frequency of vibrating air column in pipe
closed at one end and explain terms used
3 marks questions
1. Using analytical method derive expression
for resultant displacement of two
progressive waves traveling in opposite
directions. Why it is called as stationary
wave.
2. Explain vibration of stretched string fixed
at two ends.
3. State the formula for fundamental
frequency and explain laws of vibrating
string
3 marks questions
4. Explain why all harmonics are present
in air vibrating in a pipe open at both
ends and not in pipe close at one end.
5. Explain the terms forced vibration and
Resonance and give two applications
of resonance.
6. Explain the working of flute.
7. Explain working of harmonium.
Questions of 4 marks
1.Describe Melde’s experiment to
determine frequency of tuning fork in
perpendicular position.
2.Describe Melde’s experiment to
determine frequency of tuning fork in
parallel position.
3.Explain how velocity of sound can be
measured using resonance tube
Important formulae for Stationary waves
2πx
2πt
Y  2Acos
.sin
 fromfreewall
 λ 
 T 
2πx
2πt
Y  2Asin
.cos
 fromrigidwall
 λ 
 T 
p T
p
T
p
T
p T
n


N F  2n 
2
2L m 2L π r ρ 2Lr  
 m
(2N 1)V (2N 1)V (2N 1) γP
n


4L
4(  0.3d)
4L
ρ
NV
NV
N γP
p T
n


N F n 
2L 2(  0.6d) 2L ρ
2 m
Kinetic theory of
gases and Radiation
Total marks 4/6
Possible questions may be of
1,2,3 or 4 marks
Questions for 2 marks
1. Explain the terms free path, mean free
path
2. Explain cause of pressure on close
container
3. Define mean square velocity, root mean
square velocity
4. Deduce Boyle’s law on the basis of KTG
5. Assuming the expression for pressure
exerted by the gas show that kinetic
energy per mole of gas is 3RT/2N
6. Explain why gases have two specific
heats
Questions for 2 marks
9. Assuming the expression for pressure
exerted by the gas show that
P.V=2(TKE) / 3
10.Define ideal gas.
11.Show that KE per unit volume of a gas
is directly proportional to atmospheric
pressure.
12.Define molar specific heats of gas
13.Define principle specific heats of gas
14.Define internal latent heat.
2 mark questions
1.Define coefficient of absorption and
reflectance.
2. Define coefficient of absorption and of
transmission.
3. Obtain relation between a, r and e.
4. Define coefficient of transmission. If t = 0
then what type of body it is? give example.
5. Explain construction and working of
perfectly black body.
6. What do you mean by black body. State the
use of conical projection of an artificial
black body.
7. Define emissive power and emissivity of
2 mark questions
8. Define emissive power and list the factors
on which it depends.
9. State Kirchhoff's law of radiation and
Stefan’s law of radiation.
10.State Stefan's law for radiation. Write unit
of Stefan's constant.
11.State Wien's law of radiation. Write unit of
“b”
12.State the limitations of Newton’s law of
cooling.
13.State Prevost’s theory of heat exchange.
14.Write two observations of energy diagram
of black body radiations.
Questions for 3 marks
1. State any two assumptions of Kinetic theory
of gases and show that RMS velocity is
directly proportional to square root of
absolute temperature.
2. State any two assumptions of KTG and
obtain Boyle’s law.
3. Define principle specific heats and explain
why cp > cv
4. What are degree of freedom and state law
of equipartition of energy.
5. State Dalton’s law and Charle’s law
3 marks questions
1. Define coefficient of absorption,
emission and transmission and obtain
relation between them.
2. What do you mean by perfectly black
body? Can it be realized in practice?
How will you construct perfectly black
body?
3. Give theoretical proof of equality of
emissive and absorptive power.
4. State Stefan’s law, Newton’s law and
Kirchhoff’s law.
Questions for 3 marks
1.Using specific heat capacities show
that adiabatic constant of ( any one )
1.monatomic gas is 5/3
2.( Rigid) Diatomic gas is 7/5
3.(Non rigid) Diatomic gas is 9/7
4. Polyatomic gas (4+f)/(3+f)
2. State zeroth, first and second law
of thermodynamics.
Questions for 4 marks
1. Write any eight assumptions of KTG.
2. On the basis of KTG obtain expression of
pressure exerted by enclosed gas.
3. Draw and explain the curve between
energy and wavelength of radiations by a
black body at different temperatures.
4. State Kirchhoff’s law and give its
experimental explanation.
5. State & explain Prevost’s theory of heat.
6. Derive Newton’s law of cooling using
Stefan’s law.
Expression for terms used in KTG
Useful relations for problems:
C1
2

C2
1
( if pressure is constant)
M2
M1
(it temperature is
constant)
T1

T2
(if gas is same)

C1
T1 M 2
( if gas and temperature is

x
C2
T2 M1 different )
c1  c2  c3        cN
c 
N
2
2
2
2
c1  c2  c3        cN
2
c 
Crms
N
3PV
3nRT
3kT
3RT
3RT
3kN0T






M
M
M0
mN0
M0
m
1 2
P  c
3
1 M 2 1 N.m 2
P
c 
c
3V
3 V
mean free path  
KT
2.d P
2

1
2.d 2n
KE
3
 P
Volume 2
Molar specific heat CP  M0cP
Molar specific heat CV  M0cV
KE
3
 RT
mole 2
KE
3 RT 3

 KT
molecule 2 No 2
KE
3 RT

mass 2 M
R
cP  cV  r 
Mo
PdV
L  LI 
J
7
cal
kcal 4.2x10 erg 4200J



gram.K kg.K
gram.K
kg.K
Important formulae for Radiation
a
heat absorbed
heat incident
heat reflected
r
heat incident
t
heat transmited
heat incident
a+r+t=1
Qemitted  e..AtT 4
Qabsorbed  e..AtT0 4
Qnet exchange  e..At(T 4  T0 4 )
Q
E
at given temperatur e
A.t
E
e
where both are at same temperatur e.
Eb
2  1
1  2


dQ
d d

k


 m.s.
 K(  o )
o

t2  t1
 2

dt
dt dt
Wave theory of
Light
Total marks 3/4
Possible questions are of 1,2, 3
or 4 marks
Wave theory of Light
2 marks question
1. State any four assumptions of
Newton’s theory of light.
2. State demerits of corpuscular theory
.
3. State demerits of wave theory of light
4. Define wave front and wave normal
5. Draw neat labeled ray diagram of
reflection of light from plane mirror
using wave theory
Wave theory of Light
2 marks question
6. Define plane polarized light. State
meaning of polarizer and analyzer.
7. Define polarizing angle. State relation
between polarizing angle and
refractive index.
8. Explain the role of Canada balsam in
Nicole prism.
Wave theory of Light
2 marks question
9. State uses of Polaroid.
10.Draw neat labeled ray diagram of
refraction of light from plane mirror
using wave theory
11.Give two applications of Doppler's
effect in light.
12.Give four uses of Polaroid.
Wave theory of Light
1. 3 marks question
1. Give brief account of Huygens' theory
of light
2. Give demerits of Newton’s theory of
light.
3. Explain the roll of Newton, Huygens
and Maxwell in theory of light.
4. State Brewster’s law and show that at
tan of polarizing angle equals
refractive index.
Wave theory of Light
4 marks question
1. State Huygen’s principle and explain
construction of spherical wave front
2. State Huygen’s principle and explain
construction of plane wave front
3. Prove the law of reflection on the
basis of wave theory of light
4. Prove the law of refraction on the
basis of wave theory of light
5. Explain construction and working of
Nicole Prism
Formulae needed with standard
notations
V1 1 sin( i)
1



1 2 
V2 2 sin( r ) sin( iC )
1
1
2 
2
1 tan( )  
Interference
and
Diffraction
Total marks 4/6
Possible questions are of 1,2,3 or 4
marks
Interference and Diffraction
2 marks questions:
1. State the conditions to get
constructive and destructive
interference of light
2. State conditions for obtaining a
steady interference pattern.
3. Explain two classes of diffraction
4. Explain why the sources must be
narrow and very close to each other
5. Explain need of coherent sources for
interference
6. Draw neat diagrams of biprism experiment
7. Draw neat diagrams of conjugate positions
to obtain distance between sources.
8. Distinguish between double slit and
biprism experiment
9. Distinguish between interference and
diffraction.
10.State resolving power of microscope
explain terms used in expression
11.State resolving power of telescope explain
terms used in expression
12.Explain the terms “ limit of resolution” and
“ resolving power”
3 marks questions:
1. What is interference of light and state
four conditions for steady
interference pattern
2. State the principle of superposition
and four conditions for steady
interference pattern
3. Using analytical method obtain
expression for path difference
4. Assuming the expression of path
difference obtain the expression of
band width.
5. Explain the concept of interference
and state conditions for constructive
and destructive interference.
6. State Rayleigh criteria for resolution.
7. State expression for resolving power
of microscope and explain how to
increase resolving power of
microscope.
8. State the conditions for maxima and
minima of diffraction pattern.
4 marks questions:
1. Describe Young’s experiment
2. Derive expression for optical path
difference hence obtain the
expression of band width
3. Describe the biprism experiment to
find wavelength of light.
4. Derive the formula for determination
of distance between virtual images, in
Fresnel’s method.
4 marks questions:
1. Derive formula for nth dark and bright
band by diffraction.
2. Explain diffraction by single slit and
prove that width of central maxima is
double that of others.
3. Obtain expression for condition of
constructive and destructive
interference analytically.
4. Obtain expression for band width in
interference.
Important formulae
N.A. =  sin 
1
a
δx  nλ then point is bright
RPtele 

d 1.22
δx  (2n - 1)/2 then point is dark
path difference  δx  n 2 λ  n1λ
λD B
λ D nλD
x  (2n  1)
x n  (2n)

2d
2d
d
D
n
λD
λD
β

d
d1d2
1 2(sin)
RP  
if self luminus
d
1.22
2d sin( n )  n for n th dark point.
(2n  1)
2dsin( n ) 
for n th bright point.
2
Electrostatics
Total marks 3/4
Possible questions are of 1,2, 3 or 4
marks
Electrostatics
2 marks questions:
1. Define electric line of force & two
properties
2. Define line of induction and state two of
its properties.
3. Define tube of force & tube of induction
4. State expression for mechanical energy
ans explain terms used.
5. Define capacity of capacitor & its SI unit
6. Give four properties of electric lines
7. State types of capacitors and draw their
schematic diagrams.
8. Obtain Resultant capacitance of parallel
combination of capacitors
9. Obtain Resultant capacitance of series
combination of capacitors
10.State principle of Van De Graff's generator
11.Using Gauss theorem obtain expression for
electric intensity just outside the charged
body / sphere / cylinder
12.Using expression for mechanical force per
unit area obtain expression for energy
density
13.Explain concept of condenser
14.Explain how capacitor can be used to
3 marks questions
1. Obtain expression for mechanical force
per unit area of closed charged
condenser and the total mechanical
force acting on conductor
2. Show that mechanical force per unit area
of closed charged condenser is directly
proportional to 2
3. Show that mechanical force per unit area
of closed charged condenser is directly
proportional to E2
4. Obtain expression for energy stored in
parallel plate condenser
5. Obtain expression for energy per unit
volume of (dielectric medium) closed
charged condenser placed in a
medium.
6. What is condenser and explain its
different types.
7. Obtain expression for energy per unit
volume of (dielectric medium) closed
charged condenser placed in a
medium.
8. What is condenser and explain its
different types.
9. Obtain expression for electric field
4 marks questions
– State and prove Gauss theorem
– Obtain expression of mechanical
force per unit area and energy
per unit volume.
– Obtain expression for capacity of
parallel plate capacity and ways
to increase the capacity
– Explain working and
construction of Van-De-Graaff
generator.
Important expressions with standard
symbols
q1q2
1
F
4 πk ε o r 2
1
Q
E
4 π k εo r2
1
Q
V
4 π k εo r
dV
E
dx
Q
C
V
A. Flux density
 = E cos ds
 TNEI   εE .cosθ ds
 TNEI   qi
σ
E 
ε
2
1σ
1 2
F 
ds  εE ds
2 ε
2
Important expressions with standard
symbols
kε o A
C
d
1 Q2 1
1
2
E
 CV  QV
2 C 2
2
C1 Q1V1
C2 Q2V2
Charge will flow from
higher potential to lower
potential till potential
becomes V
Q 1  Q 2 C1V1  C2 V2
V

C1  C2
C1  C2
Q 1 New  C1V
Q 2 New  C2 V
1 C1C2
loss in energy 
(V1  V2 )2
2 C1  C2
- ve if  & +ve if series
Current electricity
Total marks 3/4
Possible questions are 1,2,3 or 4
marks
Current electricity
1. 2 mark questions
1. State and explain ohm’s law
2. Define specific resistance, its unit and
expression
3. State Kirchhoff’s laws
4. Explain principle of potentiometer
5. Distinguish between potentiometer
and voltmeter
6. What are precautions while
performing experiment with
potentiometer
7. Draw neat diagram of meter bridge.
8. State any two sources of errors in
meter bridge experiment and explain
how to overcome it?
9. State the advantages of
potentiometer over voltmeter.
10.Draw circuit diagram of Kevin’s
method to measure resistance of
galvanometer.
3 marks questions
1. Explain the errors and ways to
minimize them in Whetstone meter
bridge
2. Explain method to determine internal
resistance of a cell.
3. Explain Kelvin's Method to determine
resistance of a galvanometer.
4. What is potentiometer.
4 marks questions
1. Explain working and construction of Whetstone's
network
2. Explain construction of Whetstone's meter bridge
and how it can be used to determine unknown
resistance
3. State principle of potentiometer and explain the
method to compare emf’s of two cells when used
separately
4. State principle of potentiometer and explain the
method to compare emf’s of two cells by sum and
difference method
5. How to use potentiometer for determination of
internal resistance of a cell
Formulae needed for current electricity
 E1   1 E 1  1   2
1
Rρ
r  R(
 1)

E

2 E
A 2
2
1   2
2
E 1
R1 R 3

cells
assist.
1
where 

V 2
R2 R 4
 cells oppose
if balenced
L1
R

X 100 - L 1
2
if balencedand L in cm
VT
dV
V Iσ


dx
L
Magnetic effect of
electric current
Total marks 3/4
Questions may be of 1,2,3 or 4
marks
Magnetic effect of electric current
2 marks
1. Explain the need of cylindrical concave
pole pieces of magnet for MCG
2. State Ampere's law
3. Define Solenoid and Torrid
4. Explain why soft iron core is needed for
MCG
5. Define sensitivity of MCG and state
factors affecting sensitivity.
6. Why ammeter must have low resistance
7. Why voltmeter must have high
8. Define accuracy of MCG & how to
increase it
9. How to convert MCG into an ammeter
10.How to convert MCG into voltmeter
11. Distinguish between ammeter and
voltmeter.
12.Draw labeled diagram of suspended type
of galvanometer.
13.Write principle of cyclotron.
14.What are limitations of cyclotron.
3 marks
1. What is necessity of radial field in MCG
and explain how MCG can be converted
into an ammeter
2. Derive an expression for deflecting torque
acting on current caring coil and write the
conditions for maximum and minimum
torque.
3. Obtain expression for frequency of
cyclotron
4. State principle of cyclotron and obtain
expression for KE of a positively charged
particle.
4 marks
1. State the principle of MCG and
describe its construction with neat
diagram
2. State the principle of MCG and show
that deflection produced in it is directly
proportional to current passing
through it
3. Describe the construction and working
of cyclotron and derive the necessary
formula
4. What are the functions of high
resistance in voltmeter and low
Important formulae MEEC
τ  nABIcosθ
k
I
θ
nAB
dθ nAB

of MCG
dI
k
dI dθ

of MCG
I
θ
GA
IG
S in parellel S 
G
I - IG
to increase scale by n times
G
S
n 1
B  0nI
Important formulae MEEC
G V
R in serise
V
R
G
IG
to increase scale by n times
R  (n  1)G
Magnetism
Total marks 3/4
Possible questions are 1,2,3 or 4
marks
Magnetism
2/3 marks questions
1. State the expression for
•
•
magnetic induction at axial point along with
direction
Magnetic induction at centre of current
carrying loop.
2. State the expression for magnitude of
magnetic moment associated with orbiting
electron.
3. What is Gyro magnetic ratio, state its unit.
( Mo[=IA = evr/2] : Lo [=mvr ])
4. Define magnetization and magnetic
intensity.
5. Define Magnetic intensity, state its unit
/ dimension.
6. Explain the term magnetic
susceptibility.
7. Give relation between value of
magnetic susceptibility with
diamagnetic, paramagnetic and
ferromagnetic substances.
8. Distinguish between Diamagnetic and
Paramagnetic substances
9. Distinguish between Diamagnetic and
Ferromagnetic substances
10.State properties of diamagnetic
substances
11.State properties of paramagnetic
substances
12.State properties of ferromagnetic
substances
13.What is curie temperature? What is effect
of curie temperature on ferromagnetic
substance?
14.Explain how magnetic dipole moment is
analogous to electrostatic dipole moment
and  to 1/
Important formulae
evr
M0  I.A 
2
MZ 
Mnet
volume
=C
r  1  
μIa2
B
Bext
T
 H
2
2
3
if a
2(a  x )
μ(I.A)  2M
B

. 3
3
4 x
2x
x then B =
2
e
Mo  
.L0
2me
B axis 
μ
2Mr
μ 2M

4 π (r 2   2 ) 2 4 π r 3
B equator 
V
μ
M
μ M

4 π (r 2   2 ) 3 / 2 4 π r 3
μ Mcos 
4π
r2
μIa2
2x3
Electromagnetic
induction
Total marks 4/6
Questions may be of 2,3 or 4
marks
Electromagnetic induction
2 marks
1. State and explain Lenz’s law in EMI
2. What are eddy currents? Give any two
applications
3. Explain concept of self inductance
4. State and define SI unit of self
inductance
5. Explain the concept of mutual induction
6. Define rms value of ac current. Give
relation between peak value and rms
value of ac current.
7. State and explain Fleming’s right hand
rule
8. Discuss the flow of current when ac emf
is applied to resistance
9. Derive expression for power decapitated
in an ac circuit containing resistance only
10.Draw neat labeled diagram of
– Series and parallel resonant circuit
–
Graph indicating current and frequency in
LCR series circuit
1. 3 marks
1. Explain the terms inductive reactance, capacitive
reactance and power factor
2. Explain application of ac to pure inductance
3. Explain application of ac to pure conductance
4. Explain resonant frequency in LCR circuit and the
graph of current and frequency.
5. Explain resonant frequency in LC parallel circuit
and the graph of current and frequency.
6. Under what condition the current in LCR circuit
will be maximum, define resonant frequency
7. Explain phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
using coil and magnet
4 marks
1. Give theoretical proof of Lenz’s law of
electromagnetic induction
2. Obtain expression for emf induced in a
coil rotating with uniform angular
velocity in uniform magnetic field
3. Derive an expression for the
instantaneous current in parallel LC
circuit hence obtain expression for
impedance
4. Explain LC oscillator
Important formulae of EMI
dφ 1  2
e

  Blv
dt
t
dI
e  L
dt
e  n A B ω sin( ω t)  E 0 sin (ω t)
Important formulae of EMI
In purely resistive circuit
e  E 0 sin (ω t)
ZR
cos  1
In purely inductive circuit
e  E 0 sin (ω t 
Z  XL

)
2
cos  0
E0
E0
i
sin (ω t)
i
sin (ω t)
L
R
P  e.icos   E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t) P  e.icos   0
E0 I0
1
P0
P  E0I0 ( ) 
 erms .irms
2
2 2
Important formulae of EMI
In purely capacitive circuit
e  E 0 sin (ω t 
Z  XC
i
E0
(1 / C)
)
2
cos  0
sin (ω t)
P  e.icos   0
P0

In L-R circuit
e  E0 sin (ω t  )
Z
X R
2
L
2
R
cos 
Z
E0
i
sin (ω t   )
Z
P  e.icos   E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t).cos 
P
E0 I0
2
2
cos   erms .irms cos 
Important formulae of EMI
In C-R circuit
In L-C circuit
e  E 0 sin (ω t   )
e  E 0 sin (ω t 
Z
XC2
2
R
R
cos 
Z
Z  X L  XC
E0
E0
i
sin (ω t)
i
sin (ω t)
Z
Z
P  e.icos   E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t).cos  P  e.icos   0
PAv 
E0 I0
2
2
cos   erms .irms cos 

2
)
cos  0
Important formulae of EMI
At Series Resonance
In L-C-R circuit
Z is minimum
e  E 0 sin (ω t   )
Z  (X L  XC )  R
2
2
R
cos 
Z
fr 
E0
i
sin (ω t)
Z
P  e.icos   E 0 I 0 sin (ω t).cos 
2
PAv 
E0 I0
2 2
XL  XC
cos   erms .irms cos 
X L  XC  0

1
1
LC
2 LC
At parallel Resonance
1
1
1
(

)
Z
XL XC
X L  XC  Z  
P0
Electron and
photon
Total marks 3/4
Questions may be of 1, 2, 3 or 4
marks
Electron and photon
A. 2 marks
– What is photoelectric effect? Define
photoelectric work function
– Define photoelectric work function,
threshold frequency
– State variation of photoelectric emission
as intensity and frequency of incident
light changes
– State Einstein’s photoelectric equation
and explain significance of each term
– State the characteristics of photoelectric
effect
– What is photo electric cell and give
two of its applications
– Explain construction of
photoelectric cell and mention one
of its application
– Draw a neat circuit diagram of
experimental set up to study
characteristics of photoelectric
effect
A. 4 marks
– Explain Einstein’s theory to explain
photoelectric effect and discuss
any two characteristics of
photoelectric effect
– Compare between classical and
quantum theory explaining the
photoelectric effect
– Give any four applications of
photoelectric effect and explain
any two of them.
Important formulae related to
Photoelectric effect
1 2
1 2
mv  qV
mv  h  h o
2
2
m 
mo
v2
1 2
c
1 1 
1 2
mv  hc   
2
  o 
E  mc  h  h
2
c

Atom molecule
and nuclei
Total marks 4/6
Questions may be of 2,3,or 4
marks
Atom molecule and nuclei
2marks
1. Explain Geiger Marsden
Experiment
2. State Bohr’s postulates for
Hydrogen atom about electrostatic
force , stationary orbit
3. Constituents of nucleus and
relation with atomic number and
atomic mass
4. State radioactive decay law
Atom molecule and nuclei
2marks
5. Define half life period and average
period of radioactive substance.
6. Define decay constant and its
relation with half life and average
life period.
7. Explain term nuclear fission and
fusion
8. Explain matter wave and its role in
quantum condition of Bohr’s model
9. Draw labeled diagram of (any one)
•
•
Energy level for hydrogen atom
Davison Germer experiment
3 marks
1. State Postulates of Bohr’s theory with
mathematical equations
2. Compare between matter waves &
electromagnetic waves.
3. Explain Davisson and Germer experiment.
4. Obtain expression for total energy of an
electron in a stationary orbit of Bohr
5. Assuming formula of energy obtain
expression for wavelength of spectral
lines
6. Draw energy diagram and explain Lyman
and Balmer series
3 marks
7. Prove that wavelength of matter wave
in ang.unit is ratio of 12.27 and square
root of applied p.d. to an electron.
8. Obtain expression for linear velocity
of an electron of hydrogen atom
9. Obtain expression for linear
momentum of an electron of
hydrogen atom
10.Obtain expression for angular speed
of an electron of hydrogen atom
11.Obtain expression for frequency of
12.Obtain expression for KE of an electron
of hydrogen atom
13.Obtain expression for PE of an electron
of hydrogen atom
14.Obtain expression for TE of an electron
of hydrogen atom (= -Rhc )
15.Obtain expression for number of atoms
present at given instant using law of
radioactive decay.
16.Justify the definition of decay constant
as reciprocal of time required for
substance decays to 37% of original.
4 marks
1. State first postulate of Bohr’s theory and
derive expression for radius of stable orbit
2. Show that En1/n2
3. Explain origin of spectral lines for hydrogen
atom
4. Draw energy level diagram and explain
different series
5. Explain working & construction of an exp.
which proves existence of matter waves.
6. Explain term binding energy, mass defect &
give their relation.
7. Draw B.E. curve & Write down inferences
from B.E. curve.
Important expressions in
Atom molecule and nuclei
ε h2
2
Rn 
n
π m e2
m e4 1
KEn  2 2 2
8ε h n
π m e4 1
n  2 3 3
2ε h n
m e4 1
PEn   2 2 2
4ε h n
2
3
4ε h 3
Tn 
n
4
me
π m e6 1
an  3 4 4
4ε h n
1
1 1
R( 2 - 2)

p n
m e4
R 2
8ε c h 3
m e4 1
TE n   2 2 2
8ε h n
m e4 1 1
h 
 En  E p  2 2 ( 2 - 2 )

8ε h p n
hc
Semiconductor
s
Total Marks 3/4
Possible questions 1,2,3 or 4
marks
Semiconductors
2 marks questions
Define :
1. Conduction band and valence band
2. Forbidden energy gap and classification
of elements in conductor, insulator and
semiconductor on basis of FEG.
3. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
4. P-type and n-type semiconductors
5. Acceptor impurity and donor impurity
Semiconductors
2 marks questions
Define :
6. p-n junction diode and barrier potentials of
Si and Ge diode.
7. Reverse bias and forward bias of junction
diode
8. Zener diode and it’s symbolic
representation.
9. Solar cell and LED
10.NPN and PNP transistor
11. and  for transistors
Semiconductors
12.Symbolically represent AND and NOT
gate
13.Symbolically represent NAND and NOR
gate
14.What are essential conditions for
oscillator circuit. (gain x Feed back
factor =A. =1)
15.What do you mean by positive feedback
and negative feedback.
16.Write down Barkhausen criteria for
oscillator circuit
Semiconductors
1. 3 marks questions
1. What do you mean by insulator,
semiconductor and conductor.
Explain on the basis of band theory
by indicating figure.
2. Explain in details the use of diode
as half wave rectifier.
3. Explain in details the use of diode
as full wave rectifier.
4. Explain how Zener diode can be
used as voltage regulator.
5. Explain working and construction
of solar cell
Semiconductors
6. 3 marks questions
6. Define  and  of transistor and
obtain relation between them.
7. Represent graphically output
characteristics of transistor in
common emitter mode and define
and indicate knee voltage.
8. Explain working of common emitter
amplifier draw input output curves.
9. Explain transistor as a switch
10.Explain transistor as an amplifier.
Semiconductors
3 marks questions
11.Represent AND gate symbolically and
provide its truth table.
12.Represent NOT gate symbolically and
provide its truth table.
13.Represent NAND gate symbolically and
provide its truth table.
Semiconductors
3 marks questions
14.Represent NOR gate symbolically and
provide its truth table.
15.Represent OR gate symbolically and
provide its truth table.
Semiconductors
1. 4 marks questions
1. Explain in details the circuit to
study CE characteristics and
explain the input and output
characteristics using proper
graphs.
2. How will you use diode as full wave
rectifier. Explain working of full
wave rectifier in detail.
Communicatio
n
Total Marks 2/3
Possible questions 1,2 or 3 marks
(Chapter of definitions)
Communication
2 mark questions
1. Define ground wave propagation and
state factors affecting it.
2. Define sky wave propagation and state
factors affecting it.
3. Define space wave propagation and
state factors affecting it.
4. State principle of satellite
communication
5. Explain how global communication is
possible by geo stationary satellite.
Communication
6. Define the term ( any two may be asked)
1.Signal
2.Transmitter
3.Transducer
4. Attenuation
5. Amplification 6.Noise
7. Receiver
8. Range
9.Bandwidth
10.Modulation
11.Demodulation 12.Reapeater
13. carrier wave 14. modulated wave
15. AM
16. FM
17.PM
Communication
7. Draw block diagram for generalized
communication system.
8. Draw block diagram for transmitter.
9. Draw block diagram for receiver.
10.Graphical representation of AM and FM
11.Mathematical expression for AM
Communication
3 mark questions
1. Write a short note on sky wave
communication with appropriate diagram.
2. Explain different layers in atmosphere and
there role in communication.
3. Explain different type of modulation and
their applications
4. Explain (any one may be asked)
 amplitude modulation and where it is used
 Frequency modulation and where it is
used
 Phase modulation and where it is used