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Note these General and essential Points -- 1. It is essential to give question number and sub question number in the margin provided. 2. Next question ( NOT SUBQUESTION) must start on next page. 3. Draw relevant diagrams even if not asked. 4. All figures must be drawn by pencil. They must be labeled and sufficiently large. SAFE HANDS Note these Points - - 7. While solving numerical problems first write given data convert it into S.I. units. Write the formula needed and substitute the values. Do calculations using log or direct in a box call it as rough work ( it should be neat and good looking) 8. The answer of numerical problem must be with units and should be in a box. 9. While deriving any expression remember that your next step is outcome of previous step. 10. If you want to cancel some part don’t cancel it as “Parallel axis theorem : If Iz is MI about an axis perpendicular it should be as— Points you need to remember 11. Diagrams must be labeled and arrow must be shown for current and vectors. The key must be introduced and polarities of A, V, source, must be shown. 12. Show polarity of cells 13. Arrow on wire indicating direction of current 14. Remember to show variable resistance (rheostat), key, Galvanometer, source of e.m.f. with polarity ( take proper care when used in potentiometer) 15. All most every definition must be with example. 16. If question is about comparison or assumptions then just give the list of points. Points to remember 17.While doing numerical problems of meter bridge or Whetstone's network better have figure. 18.When ac is applied direction of current is not to be showed 19.Remember to indicate transformer, primary, secondary, load resistance, “e” input ac voltage, Vo output voltage, if full wave rectifier then center tap, direction of current in load resistance connected to output. 20.Once you note down data in SI units think PAPER “Physics” BOARD PATERN IS Single Paper of 3 hours with total marks 70 =35 ( section I ) + 35 (Section II) Passing will be at 18 ( Useful for NEET students) QU1 : ( 7 marks) one will be numerical QU2 :( 12 marks) 2 marks each solve any 6 /8 (at least 4 numerical problems) QU 3:( 9 marks) 3 marks each solve any 3 from 4 (at least 1 numerical problems) QU 4: (7 marks) 7 marks each solve any 1 from IN SHORT IN PHYSICS PAPER WILL CONSIST OF 1. 12 MCQ based on theory 2 MCQ based on numerical in all 14 MCQ 2. 16 short answer questions of 2 marks each with 8 numerical from which you need to solve 12 means 12 short answer questions 3. Two 3 marks and 1 four mark question with less choice 2 from QU 3 and 1 from QU 4. with 3 numerical of 3+ 4 or 3 marks. Means in Paper of Physics 25 marks will be numerical SAFE HANDS Circular Motion Total Marks 4/5 Question may be of 1,2,3 or 4 marks Circular Motion 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Questions for 2 marks Define uniform circular motion. Why it is called as periodic? Define angular displacement, radius vector Define angular acceleration, Centripetal force Obtain relation between velocity and angular velocity of a particle in UCM Obtain relation between linear acceleration and angular acceleration of a particle in circular motion 6. What is banking of road?Is the safe speed limit is same for all vehicles? why? 7. Derive expression for maximum speed where the curved road is not banked 8. Explain the need of banking of road 9. Distinguish between centripetal and centrifugal force 10.Explain why centrifugal force is called as pseudo force 11.Draw neat diagram of force acting on vehicle moving along banked road 12.What is conical pendulum? 13.Define angular velocity, angular acceleration and give their directions 14.Define angular velocity, angular acceleration and give their SI units 15.Define UCM and obtain relation between linear and angular velocity 16.Explain centripetal and centrifugal force 17.Derive an expression for centripetal acceleration 18.Define angle of banking and obtain expression for the same. 19.Write Newton’s equations for rotational motion. 20.Obtain expression for time period of conical Important formulae of CM 1 n T aResultant ac2 aT2 (r ω 2 ) 2 (r ) 2 2π ω 2π n T v ωr h v r g tanθ r g r g L 2 ω2 ω1 α t ω2 ω1 2 π (n2 n1 ) 1 2 1 2 α ω1t αt ( )t t t 2 2 v 2(KE) 2 a rω v ω r mr 2 (ω2 ) 2 (ω1 ) 2 2α SAFE HANDS Gravitation Total marks 3/5 Questions may be of 1,2,3,4 marks Questions for 2 marks 1. State Newton’s law of gravitation, give SI unit and dimensions of constant of gravitation 2. Obtain relation between gravitation constant and gravitational acceleration at certain height from surface of earth 3. Obtain relation between gravitational acceleration at certain height from surface of earth and on surface of earth 4. Explain why two stage rocket is necessary to launch a satellite 5. State the conditions under which satellite will move in parabolic and elliptic path 6. Derive the expression for critical velocity of a satellite. 7. Derive an expression for period of a satellite revolving round the earth 8. Explain communication satellite and give its two applications 9. Define escape velocity and binding velocity 10.Obtain expression for binding energy of a body at height h above the surface of earth when it is at rest 11.Obtain expression for escape velocity of the satellite on surface of earth 12.Explain weightlessness 13.State Kepler’s laws of motion 14.Draw and explain the graph of ‘g’ and distance from centre of earth. For 4 marks 1. Define critical velocity and obtain expression for it and state the factors on which it depends 2. Obtain expression for critical velocity of a satellite at height h and obtain expression for period 3. Define binding energy and obtain expression for the same a) at rest on earth surface b) Orbiting at height h above the surface Important formulae of gravitation M1M2 FG R2 VC GM g 2 R GM (R h) (R h) 3 T 2π GM d g d g 1 R gR2 gh (R h) (R h) 4 G π R3 ρ 3 GMm GMm GMm KE TE PE 2(R h) 2(R h) Rh 2GM 8 Ve 2gR G π R3 ρ R 3 v Vc falls in P, Vc V Ve thenE v Ve then P v Ve then H BE GMm 2(R h) GM R gh g 2 (R h) Rh 2 Rotational Motion Total marks 4/6 Possible questions are of 1,2,3 or 4 marks SAFE HANDS 2 marks 1. Define Rigid body and Moment of inertia Radius of gyration and moment of inertia 2. Explain physical significance of MI 3. Compare MI of solid sphere and hollow sphere of same mass and of same material 4. Show that total KE of a sphere of mass m rolling along horizontal plane with velocity v is 7mv2/10 and similar 5. Deduce an expression of KE of rolling body 6. Prove that torque equals product of angular velocity and moment of inertia 7. State principle of parallel axis theorem Principle of perpendicular axis theorem 8. Show that MI of thin uniform rod about an axis passing through a point midway between center and edge, perpendicular to it is 7ML2/48 ( and similar) 9. Using parallel axis theorem and MI of axis of length L, mass m about an axis perpendicular to rod is ML2/12 obtain MI about an axis perpendicular to rod and through edge 10. MI of solid sphere about its diameter is 2MR2/5 with usual meaning then determine MI about tangent 11. Assuming MI of a uniform disc about an axis passing through its center and perpendicular to its plane, A. obtain an expression for its MI about any diameter B. show that MI about tangent is 5MR2/4 C. Show that MI about axis passing through edge and perpendicular to plane of disc is 3MR2/2 12. State the principle of conservation of angular momentum and explain it with suitable example 13. State and prove law of conservation of angular momentum 3 marks each 1. Define radius of gyration and give its physical significance 2. State and prove principle of parallel axis about moment of inertia 3. State and prove principle of perpendicular axis about moment of inertia 4. Derive expression for MI of a rod of mass M and length L about an axis passing through its center and perpendicular to it, hence obtain MI about an axis perpendicular to it and passing through one of its edge Important formulae of MI n g mk rk 1 n m 1 g rdm dm n I mk rk r 2 dm 2 k 1 MI of standered bodies k KERolling KETrans KERot about respective axes KERolling 1 1 m v 2 I ω2 2 2 τ Iα I( KERolling 1 1 2 2 v m v mk 2 2 2 r 2 1 k2 2 m v (1 2 ) 2 r ω2 ω1 ) t Oscillation Total marks 5/7 Possible questions may be of 1,2,3 or 4 marks SAFE HANDS 2 marks question Define 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Periodic motion, Linear SHM Phase of a particle performing SHM Amplitude, Period for particle in SHM Angular SHM, force constant Phase and epoch Second’s pendulum, simple pendulum 7. State the expression for KE and write values for KE at mean position and extreme position 8. Show that PE of a particle is directly proportional to the square of its displacement from mean position 9. Assuming expression for KE and PE of a particle performing SHM obtain expression for TE and deduce conclusion from it. 10.Define second’s pendulum and show that length of seconds pendulum is constant at given place 11.Deduce an expression for period of a particle performing SHM in terms of force constant 13.Obtain expression of velocity using differential equation of SHM 14.Obtain expression for period of simple pendulum 15. State differential equation for angular SHM give one example for the same. 16. Represent KE and PE against displacement in separate graphs with proper labeling 17. Write down at what distance from mean position the KE =PE and at what distance velocity will be half of maximum 3 marks question 1. Show that linear SHM can be considered as the projection of UCM on any diameter 2. Represent graphically the displacement, velocity and acceleration against time for a particle performing linear SHM when it starts from extreme position 3. Assuming general equation of displacement in SHM obtain expression for velocity and acceleration 4. Obtain expressions for KE,PE and hence show that TE is constant for linear SHM 5. Discuss analytically, the composition of two SHMs of same period and parallel to each other 4 marks question 1. State the differential equation of SHM and obtain expression for displacement, velocity and acceleration 2. Obtain expression for period of simple pendulum, hence calculate the length of second’s pendulum 3. Obtain expression for the period of a magnet vibrating in a uniform magnetic induction 4. If x1 = a1sin(t+1) and x2=a2sin(t + 2) obtain an expression for resultant amplitude hence obtain resultant o Important formulae of Oscillation d2 x k 2 x ω x 2 m dt x Asin( t ) 2 2 V A cos( t ) A x 2 2 a - A sin( t ) x 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 KE m (A - x ) k(A - x ) 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 PE m x kx TE m A kA 2 2 2 2 Important formulae of Oscillation m 1 T 2π 2π k acc. per unit displaceme nt L T 2 simple pendulum g for second' s pendulum T 2, L I T 2 bar magnet MB g 2 Elasticit y SAFE HANDS Total Marks 4/6 Possible questions are of 1,2,3 or 4 marks Questions of 2 marks 1. What is elasticity? How can you differentiate between elastic body and plastic body? 2. Define deforming force and perfectly elastic body 3. Define stress and strain, write their units 4. Define stress, strain and their dimension 5. What is shearing stress? State its units and dimension 6. The graph of stress against strain is as shown in adjoining figure, state what points E,Y and C represents, define any one of them 7. Define bulk modulus & derive expression for it. 8. What is elastic limit? What happens beyond elastic limit? 9. State Hooks law of elasticity and define modulus of elasticity 10. Explain why only solids posses all the three constants of elasticity 11. Deduce an expression of Young’s modulus of material of a long uniform wire 12. Assuming Hook’s law show that Young’s modulus of the material of a wire is the stress required to double the length of wire 13.Define modulus of rigidity and derive its necessary formula 14.Prove that deforming force is directly proportional to the change in the volume of a wire in the case of Young’s modulus 15.Define Yield point, Breaking point 16.Explain why two identical wires of the same material used in method for the determination of Y Questions for 3 marks 18. Define strain and explain its different types 19. What is Poisson’s ratio? Why it does not have any unit? 20.Give the expression of sag of horizontal beam and explain terms used in it. 21.How will you relate ductility and brittleness with stress strain graph. Give examples of both types. 22.Define thermal stress and relate it with coefficient of linear expansion and Young’s modulus. Questions for 4 marks 1. Derive expression for work done per unit volume in stretching a wire 2. With the graph explain behavior of a wire under increasing load 3. Prove that strain energy per unit volume equals (stress x strain)/2 Important formulae FL MgL Y A x π r2x MgL x 2 πr Y dP VdP K dV ( V V ) F A (d D) dL x ( L ) Dx 1 W (stress ) (strain ) 2 Y 1 2 2 (strain ) (strss ) 2 2Y 1 1 2 F k 2 2 3 WL 4bd3 Y Thermal Stress = Y( ) Surface Tension Total marks 4/6 Question may be of 1,2,3 or 4 marks Questions of 2 marks 1. Define Range of molecular attraction, sphere of influence 2. Define Angle of contact, surface tension 3. Define Cohesive force, Adhesive force 4. Obtain dimension of surface tension and state its units 5. State four characteristics of angle of contact 6. Give applications of surface tension. 7. Give applications of capillary action. 8. State Laplace’s law of spherical 3 marks questions 1. Explain formation of concave and convex surface on the basis of molecular theory 2. Explain why angle of contact is acute for water – glass interface and is obtuse for mercury –glass pair 3. Explain the term angle of contact, What is the nature of an angle of contact for a liquid which partially wets and does not wet the solid 4. State expression for rise of liquid in capillary tube and explain the factors affecting the rise of liquid 4 marks questions 1. Explain surface tension on the basis of molecular theory 2. What is surface energy? Establish relation between surface tension and surface energy 3. Using molecular theory explain why the free surface of some liquids in contact with a solid is not horizontal 4. What is capillarity? How it is used to determine surface tension of a liquid which wets the glass. 5. State Laplace’s law of spherical Important formulae of properties of liquid hr ρg T 2 cosθ W T AF F 2 T LF 2T P for drop or bubble in liquid r T3 T2 T1 cos T3 T2 T 2T cosθ h rρg r 2T cosθ h+ 3 rρg 4T P for bubble in air r 1 when R n r 1 E=4R2T(n 3 1) 2 n3 ) =4r2 T(n 1 1 3 =4R T( ) r R Wave Motion Total marks 3/5 Questions may be of 1,2,3 or 4 marks Questions of 2 marks 1. Wave is doubly periodic phenomenon, explain 2. State any four characteristics of simple harmonic progressive wave 3. Define Longitudinal, Transverse wave 4. State any four characteristics of longitudinal wave 5. State any four characteristics of Transverse wave 6. Distinguish between Transverse and Longitudinal waves 7. State and explain principle of superposition of sound waves with the help of constructive and destructive interference 8. What are the conditions for beat formation 9. What are beats? State two applications of beats 10.What is Doppler's effect? State any two applications 11.Draw neat labeled diagram of Quincke's tube. Questions for 3 marks 1. Obtain equation of simple harmonic progressive wave in positive direction of X axis 2. Explain the phenomenon of reflection of sound waves from denser medium and from rare medium 3. Explain the phenomenon of reflection of transverse waves from denser medium and from rare medium 4. State and explain principle of superposition of waves 5. Explain method of determination of wavelength of sound using Quincke’s Questions for 4 marks 01. Obtain expression for progressive wave and write it in two different form 02. Using analytical treatment show that the beat frequency is equal to difference between frequencies of interfering waves. 03. Describe construction of “ Quincke’s tube” and how it works? 04. Explain Doppler's effect in sound. Give mathematical expression for frequency and its application. Important formulae for wave mechanics 2 π x y A sin ω t λ x y A sin2 n t λ 2πx δ λ AR A12 A22 2A1A2 cosφ beat frequency n1 n2 1 .2 Vw beat frequency 2 1 x y A sin2π n t v n1 n 2 n1 n 2 y 2A cos2π t . sin2π t 2 2 x t y A sin2 T λ 2 vt x y A sin AR Stationary Waves Total marks 5/7 Questions may be of 1,2,3 or 4 marks 2 mark questions 1. What are stationary waves and why they are called so? 2. State any four characteristics of stationary waves 3. What are the conditions of stationary waves? 4. What are nodes and antinodes? 5. State the difference between harmonics and overtone 6. State expression for frequency of vibrating string hence show that n is inversely proportional to radius and root of density of 7. Explain resonance 8. Explain forced and free vibrations 9. Describe construction of Sonometer 10.What is end correction? How to estimate end correction? 11.State any two laws of vibrating string 12.Draw Diagrams showing parallel and perpendicular position 13.Draw Fundamental mode of vibrating air columns in open and close pipe 14.Draw First and second harmonics of string 12.Distinguish between Harmonics and overtone 13.Distinguish between stationary and progressive waves 14.Distinguish between free and damped vibrations 15.State the formula for fundamental frequency of string explain terms used 16.State the formula for fundamental frequency of vibrating air column in open pipe and explain terms used 17.State the formula for fundamental frequency of vibrating air column in pipe closed at one end and explain terms used 3 marks questions 1. Using analytical method derive expression for resultant displacement of two progressive waves traveling in opposite directions. Why it is called as stationary wave. 2. Explain vibration of stretched string fixed at two ends. 3. State the formula for fundamental frequency and explain laws of vibrating string 3 marks questions 4. Explain why all harmonics are present in air vibrating in a pipe open at both ends and not in pipe close at one end. 5. Explain the terms forced vibration and Resonance and give two applications of resonance. 6. Explain the working of flute. 7. Explain working of harmonium. Questions of 4 marks 1.Describe Melde’s experiment to determine frequency of tuning fork in perpendicular position. 2.Describe Melde’s experiment to determine frequency of tuning fork in parallel position. 3.Explain how velocity of sound can be measured using resonance tube Important formulae for Stationary waves 2πx 2πt Y 2Acos .sin fromfreewall λ T 2πx 2πt Y 2Asin .cos fromrigidwall λ T p T p T p T p T n N F 2n 2 2L m 2L π r ρ 2Lr m (2N 1)V (2N 1)V (2N 1) γP n 4L 4( 0.3d) 4L ρ NV NV N γP p T n N F n 2L 2( 0.6d) 2L ρ 2 m Kinetic theory of gases and Radiation Total marks 4/6 Possible questions may be of 1,2,3 or 4 marks Questions for 2 marks 1. Explain the terms free path, mean free path 2. Explain cause of pressure on close container 3. Define mean square velocity, root mean square velocity 4. Deduce Boyle’s law on the basis of KTG 5. Assuming the expression for pressure exerted by the gas show that kinetic energy per mole of gas is 3RT/2N 6. Explain why gases have two specific heats Questions for 2 marks 9. Assuming the expression for pressure exerted by the gas show that P.V=2(TKE) / 3 10.Define ideal gas. 11.Show that KE per unit volume of a gas is directly proportional to atmospheric pressure. 12.Define molar specific heats of gas 13.Define principle specific heats of gas 14.Define internal latent heat. 2 mark questions 1.Define coefficient of absorption and reflectance. 2. Define coefficient of absorption and of transmission. 3. Obtain relation between a, r and e. 4. Define coefficient of transmission. If t = 0 then what type of body it is? give example. 5. Explain construction and working of perfectly black body. 6. What do you mean by black body. State the use of conical projection of an artificial black body. 7. Define emissive power and emissivity of 2 mark questions 8. Define emissive power and list the factors on which it depends. 9. State Kirchhoff's law of radiation and Stefan’s law of radiation. 10.State Stefan's law for radiation. Write unit of Stefan's constant. 11.State Wien's law of radiation. Write unit of “b” 12.State the limitations of Newton’s law of cooling. 13.State Prevost’s theory of heat exchange. 14.Write two observations of energy diagram of black body radiations. Questions for 3 marks 1. State any two assumptions of Kinetic theory of gases and show that RMS velocity is directly proportional to square root of absolute temperature. 2. State any two assumptions of KTG and obtain Boyle’s law. 3. Define principle specific heats and explain why cp > cv 4. What are degree of freedom and state law of equipartition of energy. 5. State Dalton’s law and Charle’s law 3 marks questions 1. Define coefficient of absorption, emission and transmission and obtain relation between them. 2. What do you mean by perfectly black body? Can it be realized in practice? How will you construct perfectly black body? 3. Give theoretical proof of equality of emissive and absorptive power. 4. State Stefan’s law, Newton’s law and Kirchhoff’s law. Questions for 3 marks 1.Using specific heat capacities show that adiabatic constant of ( any one ) 1.monatomic gas is 5/3 2.( Rigid) Diatomic gas is 7/5 3.(Non rigid) Diatomic gas is 9/7 4. Polyatomic gas (4+f)/(3+f) 2. State zeroth, first and second law of thermodynamics. Questions for 4 marks 1. Write any eight assumptions of KTG. 2. On the basis of KTG obtain expression of pressure exerted by enclosed gas. 3. Draw and explain the curve between energy and wavelength of radiations by a black body at different temperatures. 4. State Kirchhoff’s law and give its experimental explanation. 5. State & explain Prevost’s theory of heat. 6. Derive Newton’s law of cooling using Stefan’s law. Expression for terms used in KTG Useful relations for problems: C1 2 C2 1 ( if pressure is constant) M2 M1 (it temperature is constant) T1 T2 (if gas is same) C1 T1 M 2 ( if gas and temperature is x C2 T2 M1 different ) c1 c2 c3 cN c N 2 2 2 2 c1 c2 c3 cN 2 c Crms N 3PV 3nRT 3kT 3RT 3RT 3kN0T M M M0 mN0 M0 m 1 2 P c 3 1 M 2 1 N.m 2 P c c 3V 3 V mean free path KT 2.d P 2 1 2.d 2n KE 3 P Volume 2 Molar specific heat CP M0cP Molar specific heat CV M0cV KE 3 RT mole 2 KE 3 RT 3 KT molecule 2 No 2 KE 3 RT mass 2 M R cP cV r Mo PdV L LI J 7 cal kcal 4.2x10 erg 4200J gram.K kg.K gram.K kg.K Important formulae for Radiation a heat absorbed heat incident heat reflected r heat incident t heat transmited heat incident a+r+t=1 Qemitted e..AtT 4 Qabsorbed e..AtT0 4 Qnet exchange e..At(T 4 T0 4 ) Q E at given temperatur e A.t E e where both are at same temperatur e. Eb 2 1 1 2 dQ d d k m.s. K( o ) o t2 t1 2 dt dt dt Wave theory of Light Total marks 3/4 Possible questions are of 1,2, 3 or 4 marks Wave theory of Light 2 marks question 1. State any four assumptions of Newton’s theory of light. 2. State demerits of corpuscular theory . 3. State demerits of wave theory of light 4. Define wave front and wave normal 5. Draw neat labeled ray diagram of reflection of light from plane mirror using wave theory Wave theory of Light 2 marks question 6. Define plane polarized light. State meaning of polarizer and analyzer. 7. Define polarizing angle. State relation between polarizing angle and refractive index. 8. Explain the role of Canada balsam in Nicole prism. Wave theory of Light 2 marks question 9. State uses of Polaroid. 10.Draw neat labeled ray diagram of refraction of light from plane mirror using wave theory 11.Give two applications of Doppler's effect in light. 12.Give four uses of Polaroid. Wave theory of Light 1. 3 marks question 1. Give brief account of Huygens' theory of light 2. Give demerits of Newton’s theory of light. 3. Explain the roll of Newton, Huygens and Maxwell in theory of light. 4. State Brewster’s law and show that at tan of polarizing angle equals refractive index. Wave theory of Light 4 marks question 1. State Huygen’s principle and explain construction of spherical wave front 2. State Huygen’s principle and explain construction of plane wave front 3. Prove the law of reflection on the basis of wave theory of light 4. Prove the law of refraction on the basis of wave theory of light 5. Explain construction and working of Nicole Prism Formulae needed with standard notations V1 1 sin( i) 1 1 2 V2 2 sin( r ) sin( iC ) 1 1 2 2 1 tan( ) Interference and Diffraction Total marks 4/6 Possible questions are of 1,2,3 or 4 marks Interference and Diffraction 2 marks questions: 1. State the conditions to get constructive and destructive interference of light 2. State conditions for obtaining a steady interference pattern. 3. Explain two classes of diffraction 4. Explain why the sources must be narrow and very close to each other 5. Explain need of coherent sources for interference 6. Draw neat diagrams of biprism experiment 7. Draw neat diagrams of conjugate positions to obtain distance between sources. 8. Distinguish between double slit and biprism experiment 9. Distinguish between interference and diffraction. 10.State resolving power of microscope explain terms used in expression 11.State resolving power of telescope explain terms used in expression 12.Explain the terms “ limit of resolution” and “ resolving power” 3 marks questions: 1. What is interference of light and state four conditions for steady interference pattern 2. State the principle of superposition and four conditions for steady interference pattern 3. Using analytical method obtain expression for path difference 4. Assuming the expression of path difference obtain the expression of band width. 5. Explain the concept of interference and state conditions for constructive and destructive interference. 6. State Rayleigh criteria for resolution. 7. State expression for resolving power of microscope and explain how to increase resolving power of microscope. 8. State the conditions for maxima and minima of diffraction pattern. 4 marks questions: 1. Describe Young’s experiment 2. Derive expression for optical path difference hence obtain the expression of band width 3. Describe the biprism experiment to find wavelength of light. 4. Derive the formula for determination of distance between virtual images, in Fresnel’s method. 4 marks questions: 1. Derive formula for nth dark and bright band by diffraction. 2. Explain diffraction by single slit and prove that width of central maxima is double that of others. 3. Obtain expression for condition of constructive and destructive interference analytically. 4. Obtain expression for band width in interference. Important formulae N.A. = sin 1 a δx nλ then point is bright RPtele d 1.22 δx (2n - 1)/2 then point is dark path difference δx n 2 λ n1λ λD B λ D nλD x (2n 1) x n (2n) 2d 2d d D n λD λD β d d1d2 1 2(sin) RP if self luminus d 1.22 2d sin( n ) n for n th dark point. (2n 1) 2dsin( n ) for n th bright point. 2 Electrostatics Total marks 3/4 Possible questions are of 1,2, 3 or 4 marks Electrostatics 2 marks questions: 1. Define electric line of force & two properties 2. Define line of induction and state two of its properties. 3. Define tube of force & tube of induction 4. State expression for mechanical energy ans explain terms used. 5. Define capacity of capacitor & its SI unit 6. Give four properties of electric lines 7. State types of capacitors and draw their schematic diagrams. 8. Obtain Resultant capacitance of parallel combination of capacitors 9. Obtain Resultant capacitance of series combination of capacitors 10.State principle of Van De Graff's generator 11.Using Gauss theorem obtain expression for electric intensity just outside the charged body / sphere / cylinder 12.Using expression for mechanical force per unit area obtain expression for energy density 13.Explain concept of condenser 14.Explain how capacitor can be used to 3 marks questions 1. Obtain expression for mechanical force per unit area of closed charged condenser and the total mechanical force acting on conductor 2. Show that mechanical force per unit area of closed charged condenser is directly proportional to 2 3. Show that mechanical force per unit area of closed charged condenser is directly proportional to E2 4. Obtain expression for energy stored in parallel plate condenser 5. Obtain expression for energy per unit volume of (dielectric medium) closed charged condenser placed in a medium. 6. What is condenser and explain its different types. 7. Obtain expression for energy per unit volume of (dielectric medium) closed charged condenser placed in a medium. 8. What is condenser and explain its different types. 9. Obtain expression for electric field 4 marks questions – State and prove Gauss theorem – Obtain expression of mechanical force per unit area and energy per unit volume. – Obtain expression for capacity of parallel plate capacity and ways to increase the capacity – Explain working and construction of Van-De-Graaff generator. Important expressions with standard symbols q1q2 1 F 4 πk ε o r 2 1 Q E 4 π k εo r2 1 Q V 4 π k εo r dV E dx Q C V A. Flux density = E cos ds TNEI εE .cosθ ds TNEI qi σ E ε 2 1σ 1 2 F ds εE ds 2 ε 2 Important expressions with standard symbols kε o A C d 1 Q2 1 1 2 E CV QV 2 C 2 2 C1 Q1V1 C2 Q2V2 Charge will flow from higher potential to lower potential till potential becomes V Q 1 Q 2 C1V1 C2 V2 V C1 C2 C1 C2 Q 1 New C1V Q 2 New C2 V 1 C1C2 loss in energy (V1 V2 )2 2 C1 C2 - ve if & +ve if series Current electricity Total marks 3/4 Possible questions are 1,2,3 or 4 marks Current electricity 1. 2 mark questions 1. State and explain ohm’s law 2. Define specific resistance, its unit and expression 3. State Kirchhoff’s laws 4. Explain principle of potentiometer 5. Distinguish between potentiometer and voltmeter 6. What are precautions while performing experiment with potentiometer 7. Draw neat diagram of meter bridge. 8. State any two sources of errors in meter bridge experiment and explain how to overcome it? 9. State the advantages of potentiometer over voltmeter. 10.Draw circuit diagram of Kevin’s method to measure resistance of galvanometer. 3 marks questions 1. Explain the errors and ways to minimize them in Whetstone meter bridge 2. Explain method to determine internal resistance of a cell. 3. Explain Kelvin's Method to determine resistance of a galvanometer. 4. What is potentiometer. 4 marks questions 1. Explain working and construction of Whetstone's network 2. Explain construction of Whetstone's meter bridge and how it can be used to determine unknown resistance 3. State principle of potentiometer and explain the method to compare emf’s of two cells when used separately 4. State principle of potentiometer and explain the method to compare emf’s of two cells by sum and difference method 5. How to use potentiometer for determination of internal resistance of a cell Formulae needed for current electricity E1 1 E 1 1 2 1 Rρ r R( 1) E 2 E A 2 2 1 2 2 E 1 R1 R 3 cells assist. 1 where V 2 R2 R 4 cells oppose if balenced L1 R X 100 - L 1 2 if balencedand L in cm VT dV V Iσ dx L Magnetic effect of electric current Total marks 3/4 Questions may be of 1,2,3 or 4 marks Magnetic effect of electric current 2 marks 1. Explain the need of cylindrical concave pole pieces of magnet for MCG 2. State Ampere's law 3. Define Solenoid and Torrid 4. Explain why soft iron core is needed for MCG 5. Define sensitivity of MCG and state factors affecting sensitivity. 6. Why ammeter must have low resistance 7. Why voltmeter must have high 8. Define accuracy of MCG & how to increase it 9. How to convert MCG into an ammeter 10.How to convert MCG into voltmeter 11. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter. 12.Draw labeled diagram of suspended type of galvanometer. 13.Write principle of cyclotron. 14.What are limitations of cyclotron. 3 marks 1. What is necessity of radial field in MCG and explain how MCG can be converted into an ammeter 2. Derive an expression for deflecting torque acting on current caring coil and write the conditions for maximum and minimum torque. 3. Obtain expression for frequency of cyclotron 4. State principle of cyclotron and obtain expression for KE of a positively charged particle. 4 marks 1. State the principle of MCG and describe its construction with neat diagram 2. State the principle of MCG and show that deflection produced in it is directly proportional to current passing through it 3. Describe the construction and working of cyclotron and derive the necessary formula 4. What are the functions of high resistance in voltmeter and low Important formulae MEEC τ nABIcosθ k I θ nAB dθ nAB of MCG dI k dI dθ of MCG I θ GA IG S in parellel S G I - IG to increase scale by n times G S n 1 B 0nI Important formulae MEEC G V R in serise V R G IG to increase scale by n times R (n 1)G Magnetism Total marks 3/4 Possible questions are 1,2,3 or 4 marks Magnetism 2/3 marks questions 1. State the expression for • • magnetic induction at axial point along with direction Magnetic induction at centre of current carrying loop. 2. State the expression for magnitude of magnetic moment associated with orbiting electron. 3. What is Gyro magnetic ratio, state its unit. ( Mo[=IA = evr/2] : Lo [=mvr ]) 4. Define magnetization and magnetic intensity. 5. Define Magnetic intensity, state its unit / dimension. 6. Explain the term magnetic susceptibility. 7. Give relation between value of magnetic susceptibility with diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances. 8. Distinguish between Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic substances 9. Distinguish between Diamagnetic and Ferromagnetic substances 10.State properties of diamagnetic substances 11.State properties of paramagnetic substances 12.State properties of ferromagnetic substances 13.What is curie temperature? What is effect of curie temperature on ferromagnetic substance? 14.Explain how magnetic dipole moment is analogous to electrostatic dipole moment and to 1/ Important formulae evr M0 I.A 2 MZ Mnet volume =C r 1 μIa2 B Bext T H 2 2 3 if a 2(a x ) μ(I.A) 2M B . 3 3 4 x 2x x then B = 2 e Mo .L0 2me B axis μ 2Mr μ 2M 4 π (r 2 2 ) 2 4 π r 3 B equator V μ M μ M 4 π (r 2 2 ) 3 / 2 4 π r 3 μ Mcos 4π r2 μIa2 2x3 Electromagnetic induction Total marks 4/6 Questions may be of 2,3 or 4 marks Electromagnetic induction 2 marks 1. State and explain Lenz’s law in EMI 2. What are eddy currents? Give any two applications 3. Explain concept of self inductance 4. State and define SI unit of self inductance 5. Explain the concept of mutual induction 6. Define rms value of ac current. Give relation between peak value and rms value of ac current. 7. State and explain Fleming’s right hand rule 8. Discuss the flow of current when ac emf is applied to resistance 9. Derive expression for power decapitated in an ac circuit containing resistance only 10.Draw neat labeled diagram of – Series and parallel resonant circuit – Graph indicating current and frequency in LCR series circuit 1. 3 marks 1. Explain the terms inductive reactance, capacitive reactance and power factor 2. Explain application of ac to pure inductance 3. Explain application of ac to pure conductance 4. Explain resonant frequency in LCR circuit and the graph of current and frequency. 5. Explain resonant frequency in LC parallel circuit and the graph of current and frequency. 6. Under what condition the current in LCR circuit will be maximum, define resonant frequency 7. Explain phenomenon of electromagnetic induction using coil and magnet 4 marks 1. Give theoretical proof of Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction 2. Obtain expression for emf induced in a coil rotating with uniform angular velocity in uniform magnetic field 3. Derive an expression for the instantaneous current in parallel LC circuit hence obtain expression for impedance 4. Explain LC oscillator Important formulae of EMI dφ 1 2 e Blv dt t dI e L dt e n A B ω sin( ω t) E 0 sin (ω t) Important formulae of EMI In purely resistive circuit e E 0 sin (ω t) ZR cos 1 In purely inductive circuit e E 0 sin (ω t Z XL ) 2 cos 0 E0 E0 i sin (ω t) i sin (ω t) L R P e.icos E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t) P e.icos 0 E0 I0 1 P0 P E0I0 ( ) erms .irms 2 2 2 Important formulae of EMI In purely capacitive circuit e E 0 sin (ω t Z XC i E0 (1 / C) ) 2 cos 0 sin (ω t) P e.icos 0 P0 In L-R circuit e E0 sin (ω t ) Z X R 2 L 2 R cos Z E0 i sin (ω t ) Z P e.icos E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t).cos P E0 I0 2 2 cos erms .irms cos Important formulae of EMI In C-R circuit In L-C circuit e E 0 sin (ω t ) e E 0 sin (ω t Z XC2 2 R R cos Z Z X L XC E0 E0 i sin (ω t) i sin (ω t) Z Z P e.icos E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t).cos P e.icos 0 PAv E0 I0 2 2 cos erms .irms cos 2 ) cos 0 Important formulae of EMI At Series Resonance In L-C-R circuit Z is minimum e E 0 sin (ω t ) Z (X L XC ) R 2 2 R cos Z fr E0 i sin (ω t) Z P e.icos E 0 I 0 sin (ω t).cos 2 PAv E0 I0 2 2 XL XC cos erms .irms cos X L XC 0 1 1 LC 2 LC At parallel Resonance 1 1 1 ( ) Z XL XC X L XC Z P0 Electron and photon Total marks 3/4 Questions may be of 1, 2, 3 or 4 marks Electron and photon A. 2 marks – What is photoelectric effect? Define photoelectric work function – Define photoelectric work function, threshold frequency – State variation of photoelectric emission as intensity and frequency of incident light changes – State Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain significance of each term – State the characteristics of photoelectric effect – What is photo electric cell and give two of its applications – Explain construction of photoelectric cell and mention one of its application – Draw a neat circuit diagram of experimental set up to study characteristics of photoelectric effect A. 4 marks – Explain Einstein’s theory to explain photoelectric effect and discuss any two characteristics of photoelectric effect – Compare between classical and quantum theory explaining the photoelectric effect – Give any four applications of photoelectric effect and explain any two of them. Important formulae related to Photoelectric effect 1 2 1 2 mv qV mv h h o 2 2 m mo v2 1 2 c 1 1 1 2 mv hc 2 o E mc h h 2 c Atom molecule and nuclei Total marks 4/6 Questions may be of 2,3,or 4 marks Atom molecule and nuclei 2marks 1. Explain Geiger Marsden Experiment 2. State Bohr’s postulates for Hydrogen atom about electrostatic force , stationary orbit 3. Constituents of nucleus and relation with atomic number and atomic mass 4. State radioactive decay law Atom molecule and nuclei 2marks 5. Define half life period and average period of radioactive substance. 6. Define decay constant and its relation with half life and average life period. 7. Explain term nuclear fission and fusion 8. Explain matter wave and its role in quantum condition of Bohr’s model 9. Draw labeled diagram of (any one) • • Energy level for hydrogen atom Davison Germer experiment 3 marks 1. State Postulates of Bohr’s theory with mathematical equations 2. Compare between matter waves & electromagnetic waves. 3. Explain Davisson and Germer experiment. 4. Obtain expression for total energy of an electron in a stationary orbit of Bohr 5. Assuming formula of energy obtain expression for wavelength of spectral lines 6. Draw energy diagram and explain Lyman and Balmer series 3 marks 7. Prove that wavelength of matter wave in ang.unit is ratio of 12.27 and square root of applied p.d. to an electron. 8. Obtain expression for linear velocity of an electron of hydrogen atom 9. Obtain expression for linear momentum of an electron of hydrogen atom 10.Obtain expression for angular speed of an electron of hydrogen atom 11.Obtain expression for frequency of 12.Obtain expression for KE of an electron of hydrogen atom 13.Obtain expression for PE of an electron of hydrogen atom 14.Obtain expression for TE of an electron of hydrogen atom (= -Rhc ) 15.Obtain expression for number of atoms present at given instant using law of radioactive decay. 16.Justify the definition of decay constant as reciprocal of time required for substance decays to 37% of original. 4 marks 1. State first postulate of Bohr’s theory and derive expression for radius of stable orbit 2. Show that En1/n2 3. Explain origin of spectral lines for hydrogen atom 4. Draw energy level diagram and explain different series 5. Explain working & construction of an exp. which proves existence of matter waves. 6. Explain term binding energy, mass defect & give their relation. 7. Draw B.E. curve & Write down inferences from B.E. curve. Important expressions in Atom molecule and nuclei ε h2 2 Rn n π m e2 m e4 1 KEn 2 2 2 8ε h n π m e4 1 n 2 3 3 2ε h n m e4 1 PEn 2 2 2 4ε h n 2 3 4ε h 3 Tn n 4 me π m e6 1 an 3 4 4 4ε h n 1 1 1 R( 2 - 2) p n m e4 R 2 8ε c h 3 m e4 1 TE n 2 2 2 8ε h n m e4 1 1 h En E p 2 2 ( 2 - 2 ) 8ε h p n hc Semiconductor s Total Marks 3/4 Possible questions 1,2,3 or 4 marks Semiconductors 2 marks questions Define : 1. Conduction band and valence band 2. Forbidden energy gap and classification of elements in conductor, insulator and semiconductor on basis of FEG. 3. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors 4. P-type and n-type semiconductors 5. Acceptor impurity and donor impurity Semiconductors 2 marks questions Define : 6. p-n junction diode and barrier potentials of Si and Ge diode. 7. Reverse bias and forward bias of junction diode 8. Zener diode and it’s symbolic representation. 9. Solar cell and LED 10.NPN and PNP transistor 11. and for transistors Semiconductors 12.Symbolically represent AND and NOT gate 13.Symbolically represent NAND and NOR gate 14.What are essential conditions for oscillator circuit. (gain x Feed back factor =A. =1) 15.What do you mean by positive feedback and negative feedback. 16.Write down Barkhausen criteria for oscillator circuit Semiconductors 1. 3 marks questions 1. What do you mean by insulator, semiconductor and conductor. Explain on the basis of band theory by indicating figure. 2. Explain in details the use of diode as half wave rectifier. 3. Explain in details the use of diode as full wave rectifier. 4. Explain how Zener diode can be used as voltage regulator. 5. Explain working and construction of solar cell Semiconductors 6. 3 marks questions 6. Define and of transistor and obtain relation between them. 7. Represent graphically output characteristics of transistor in common emitter mode and define and indicate knee voltage. 8. Explain working of common emitter amplifier draw input output curves. 9. Explain transistor as a switch 10.Explain transistor as an amplifier. Semiconductors 3 marks questions 11.Represent AND gate symbolically and provide its truth table. 12.Represent NOT gate symbolically and provide its truth table. 13.Represent NAND gate symbolically and provide its truth table. Semiconductors 3 marks questions 14.Represent NOR gate symbolically and provide its truth table. 15.Represent OR gate symbolically and provide its truth table. Semiconductors 1. 4 marks questions 1. Explain in details the circuit to study CE characteristics and explain the input and output characteristics using proper graphs. 2. How will you use diode as full wave rectifier. Explain working of full wave rectifier in detail. Communicatio n Total Marks 2/3 Possible questions 1,2 or 3 marks (Chapter of definitions) Communication 2 mark questions 1. Define ground wave propagation and state factors affecting it. 2. Define sky wave propagation and state factors affecting it. 3. Define space wave propagation and state factors affecting it. 4. State principle of satellite communication 5. Explain how global communication is possible by geo stationary satellite. Communication 6. Define the term ( any two may be asked) 1.Signal 2.Transmitter 3.Transducer 4. Attenuation 5. Amplification 6.Noise 7. Receiver 8. Range 9.Bandwidth 10.Modulation 11.Demodulation 12.Reapeater 13. carrier wave 14. modulated wave 15. AM 16. FM 17.PM Communication 7. Draw block diagram for generalized communication system. 8. Draw block diagram for transmitter. 9. Draw block diagram for receiver. 10.Graphical representation of AM and FM 11.Mathematical expression for AM Communication 3 mark questions 1. Write a short note on sky wave communication with appropriate diagram. 2. Explain different layers in atmosphere and there role in communication. 3. Explain different type of modulation and their applications 4. Explain (any one may be asked) amplitude modulation and where it is used Frequency modulation and where it is used Phase modulation and where it is used