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Islam Mr. Davis Spring 2013 Muhammad • Born into an important family in Mecca in 570 C.E. • Managed a caravan business • At age 25, Married Khadijah. Becoming a Prophet • When Muhammad was 40, he went to meditate in a cave. • An angel spoke to him. • Muslims believe that God spoke to Muhammad through the angel. Being Muslim • The messages Muhammad received is the basis of Islam. • In Arabic, Islam means “to submit to God.” • Followers of Islam are called Muslim. Muhammad’s Teachings • Follower’s memorized his messages • After his death they collected them and wrote them down to form a book called The Qur’an. • The Qur’an also gives guidelines for worship is in Mosque, moral behavior, and social life. Five Pillars of Islam 1. Shahadah: There is no god, but God, and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Salah: Pray five times a day. 3. Zakat: Give to the poor. 4. Saum: Fasting. 5. Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca Islamic Law • Sunnah: examples of Muhammad’s actions and teachings, basic rules about how to treat others. • The Qur’an and Sunnah form the basis for the Islamic law, called Shariah. • Islamic law is not found in one book. Instead, it is a set of opinions and writings. Sunni vs. Shia • Caliph: a title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam. In Arabic, it means successor. • Shia: Muslims who thought that only Muhammad’s descendents could be caliphs. • Sunni: Muslims who thought a caliph did not have to be a descendent of Muhammad. Ramadan • Ninth month of the Islamic calendar • A time of worship and contemplation. • Every Muslim is expected to fast from sunrise to sunset. They get up before dawn and have a light meal. • Ramadan concludes with Eid-ul-Fitr. It’s the breaking of fasting at the end of Ramadan. It lasts three days. Dhu Al-Hijja • The month of pilgrimage during which all Muslims, at least once in their life, should try to make to Mecca.