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Religions Note Cards Front Word Picture Unit Back Definition Egalitarian The belief that all people are equal and deserve equal rights. The teacher was very egalitarian with her students, treating them all the same. People were led to the Christian faith because of its egalitarian beliefs. Polytheistic To have a belief in more than one God. The ancient Romans and Greeks were polytheistic because they believed that there was a god for everything. Monotheistic To have a belief in only one God. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the major monotheistic religions. Many people were skeptical of monotheism because it was a new and strange idea to them. Afterlife The idea that there is life after death. It appealed to many Romans because it gave them hope for the future. Lives were bad, but they might have a better afterlife if they were good people. Zealots An extremist Jewish group who tried to overthrow the Roman Government. They wanted equal treatment. Today it is used to refer to a group of extremists. Jews Members of Judaism who were persecuted by the Romans because of a fear that they would take over. They were the first monotheistic religion. Holy book is the Torah Hierarchical A structured society where most people are at the bottom and a few people at the top with all of the power. This is how Roman society was structured. Those at the bottom were looking for hope in a better life. Missionary Someone who travels around the world spreading their religious beliefs. Paul was a missionary for the Christian faith. He helped to spread the religion across the world and preached Christian beliefs to anyone who would listen. Holy Book All 3 of the major world religions have one. Serves as a guide and influences their actions and how they live their lives. Christians – Bible (Christianity) Jews – Torah (Judaism) Muslims – Quran (Islam) Caliph Muslim religious leader who ruled according to the Quran. There were major disagreements over who should take over when Caliphs died. This leads to the division of the Islamic faith. Sunnis liberal Muslim group More liberal Muslim group and make up a majority of Muslims. Believe in interpreting the Quran, are not as strict as Shiites, and make up more than 80% of all Muslims. Shiites Smaller more extreme group of Muslims. Believe in a literal (word for word) interpretation of the Quran. 5 Pillars of Islam Guiding force for Muslims. Outlines how they should live their lives. Include fasting, praying 5 times a day, believing in only one god (Allah), giving to charity, and a taking a pilgrimage to Mecca. Jihad Means a struggle for faith. Commonly refers to Islam’s belief that one who dies for their faith will be rewarded with an afterlife in paradise. Mecca and Medina Mecca is a holy city for Muslims. Birth place of Muhammad. Muslims travel there as a religious pilgrimage. Location where Muhammad traveled after he was kicked out of Mecca.