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Islam Islam today 1.6 billion Muslims – – – – – Around 85% Sunni 2.1 billion Christians 900 million Hindus 375 million Buddhists 14 million Jews Fastest growing religion Multicultural Largest Islamic population: Indonesia – Followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh, India – Less than 15% of Muslims are Arab Origins Context: Arabia: polytheistic, tribal Muhammad (570-632 CE) – Qu’ran records revelations to Muhammad – 610: vision of angel Gabriel – Other stories of his sayings and actions (Sunnah) recorded as Hadith – Night of Ascension – Unified Arabs and started missions out of Medina and Mecca (622-632) Sees itself building on, correcting Judaism and Christianity Five Pillars Belief and witness Daily prayer (5x) Tithe (Zakat) – Must give 2.5% of wealth to needy – Shi’a give 20% of disposable income (half to clergy, half to needy) Fasting Pilgrimage (Hajj) Jihad “Striving” “Sixth pillar” Types – Greater: spiritual struggle In self, for justice Many regard as the dominant type – Lesser: physical struggle Islam in America About 2% of population (6 million) – Fastest growing 4 waves of immigration (Eck 248) – Post-1965 largest – 80% of mosques founded since 1976 Challenges/opportunities – Separation of church and state v. sharia – Multicultural makeup of mosques – Youth and culture (Eck 280ff)