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Islam The Way of the Koran Islam Basics Islam = Submission to the will of Allah. Muslim = A believer of Islam. Symbols of Islam The Crescent Moon “Allah” in Arabic Origins Islam was founded by their prophet, Muhammad around 610 AD. – Muhammad’s Vision: Muhammad contemplated life in a cave in the mountains near Mecca. He was visited by the Angel Gabriel, who told him to preach the word of God. He had many revelations, which he wrote down in what later became the Koran. Muhammad being visited by the Angel Gabriel The Hijra Soon Muhammad developed both followers and enemies around the city of Mecca. – Non-believers started to persecute Muslims. Muslims fled to the city of Medina. – This is known in the Muslim faith as the Hijra. Muhammad’s followers came back and later and conquered Mecca. – Mecca becomes Islam’s holiest city. Origins The Basics… Five Pillars of Islam – Testimony (Shahadah) – Prayer (Salah) – Alms-giving (Zakah) – Ritual fasting (Sawm) – Pilgrimage (Hajj) Shahadah “There is one true God, and Muhammad is his prophet.” The Koran Salah Pray five times daily facing Mecca. Zakah Alms giving – Muslims must give alms to those less fortunate. Sawm Fasting during Ramadan – Muslims must restrain from eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse from sun up to sun down. Hajj Muslims who have the means must make a pilgrimage once in their life to Mecca. The Kaaba – A holy shrine in Mecca. Mecca during the Hajj Islamic Teachings Muslim Holiday(s) Ramadan – Celebrates the month in which the Angel Gabriel chose Muhammad to receive the verses of the Koran. Sunnis vs. Shiites Question: Who takes over for Muhammad when he dies? – Caliph = Successor of Muhammad. – This question led to two different sects of Islam developing. Sunni – Caliph must be elected. (Called a Caliph) Shiites – Caliph must be a direct descendent.