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Rocks
8th grade Earth Science
Classifying Rocks
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________________ – rocks are made of mixtures of
minerals and other materials. Some contain a single
mineral. Others contain several minerals.
_________ – color provides clues to the rock’s
mineral composition.
(Ex: granite = light basalt = dark)
_________- the look and feel of the rock’s surface.
They use shape, size and pattern.
__________ – how the rock is formed.
3 Types of Rocks
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There are 3 major groups of rocks:
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___________________
___________________
___________________
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Igneous Rocks
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The name igneous comes from a Latin word
meaning “________”.
Igneous rocks can be either __________ or
____________ rock.
_____________ – formed from lava that erupted
onto the Earth’s surface.
Basalt is the most common extrusive rock.
____________– formed from magma that hardens
beneath the Earth’s surface.
____________ is the most common intrusive rock.
Igneous Rocks
Obsidian
extrusive
Granite
intrusive
Sedimentary Rocks
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Sedimentary rocks are formed through a
series of processes:
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_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
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Sedimentary Rocks
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_________ – water, wind or ice loosen and
carry away fragments of rock.
__________ – sediment settles out of the
water or wind carrying it.
___________ – process that presses the
sediments together.
____________ – dissolved minerals
crystallize and glue particles of sediment
together.
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
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There are 3 major groups of sedimentary
rocks:
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_________ – forms when rock fragments are
squeezed together.
_________ – remains of plants or animals
are deposited in thick layers.
_________– when minerals that are
dissolved in a solution crystallize.
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Sedimentary Rocks
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Clastic
sandstone
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Organic
coal
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Chemical
limestone
Metamorphic Rocks
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________ and ___________ deep beneath
Earth’s surface can change any rock into
metamorphic rock.
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Geologists classify metamorphic rocks
according to the arrangement of the
___________ that make up the rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks
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There are 2 classifications for metamorphic
rocks:
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___________ – have their grains arranged in
parallel layers or bands.
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___________ – mineral grains are arranged
randomly. They do not split into layers.
Metamorphic Rocks
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Foliated
gneiss
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Nonfoliated
quartzite
The Rock Cycle
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The rock cycle is the series of processes on
Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle
that slowly change rocks from one kind to
another.