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A Layered Planet Plate tectonic Theory 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 4pt 4 pt 4pt 5pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt Plate Boundaries Earthquakes Volcanoes The outer most layer of the Earth The Crust The layer of the Earth under the crust that is a thick, hot liquid. The Mantle A very hot layer inside the Earth that is made up of liquid iron and nickel. The outer core The solid centre of the Earth. The inner core. The reason why digging or drilling to the centre of the Earth is impossible? It is WAY TOO HOT! Also, there is too much pressure. The name of the first guy to hypothesis Plate Tectonics? Alfred Wegener The name of the first supercontinent Pangaea Wegener used these leftovers from plants and animals to support his theory. Fossils Wegener also thought these, including mountains and coal deposits, supported his theory. Landforms Though Wegener thought of his theory in the 1920’s, the idea wasn’t widely accepted until this in the 1960’s. New technology led to the discovery of sea-floor spreading and mid-ocean ridges. There are two different forms of crust on Earth. Heavy and dense OCEANIC crust (mostly basalt) and lighter CONTINENTAL crust (mostly granite). Plates due to this movement in the mantle. Convection currents Where plate boundaries come together two things can happen. Convergent boundaries: can result in a subduction zone (when one plate is oceanic and sinks below a continental plate) or create large mountain ranges (when two continental plates collide) When to plates move away from each other, it is known as this. Divergent Boundary Two plates moving along each other, but in opposite directions causes this type of fault. Transform fault The sudden release of energy caused by the movement of plates. An earthquake. Small earthquakes constantly take place at these boundaries where new crust is being formed as plates move apart. Divergent boundary (like at the Mid-Ocean Ridge) The earthquakes we feel in Victoria are caused by the release of energy from this type of plate boundary. Convergent boundaries A large, sometimes destructive, wave generated by an underwater earthquake. Tsunamis The three types of seismic waves. P, S, and Surface Waves The name for any opening in the Earth’s crust through which molten rock and other materials erupt. A volcano. Young and active volcanoes, that often erupt underwater are common at these plate boundaries. Divergent plate boundaries. Highly explosive, large volcanoes that release steam, ash and lava are common at these plate boundaries. Convergent plate boundaries where there is a subduction zone. Volcanoes that form in places that are NOT plate boundaries form at these. Hotspots British Columbia has these kinds of volcanoes. Convergent, divergent and hotspot.