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Transcript
Plate Tectonics Test Review Label the different layers of the earth and explain the importance of each layer • Crust: Solid, made of basalt or granite • Mantle: – Lithosphere: Solid. Plates – Asthenosphere: Liquid, convection currents • Outer Core: Molten material • Inner Core: Solid nickel and iron What is the difference between Basalt and Granite? Granite Basalt What is the difference between the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere? Both are in the mantle, but…. 1. Lithosphere: Solid and are where the plates are 2. Asthenosphere: More Liquid and where convection currents happen What is the difference between the outer core and the inner core? • Outer Core: Molten material • Inner Core: Solid nickel and iron How does temperature and pressure relate to the layers of the earth? • As you go deeper into the earth, the pressure and the temperature both increase What are Convection Currents? Where are they located in the layers of the earth? What do they cause? Heat Becomes cool Heat rising Coolness sinking Heat source • Convention currents in the mantle, cause the lithosphere (bottom of the crust) to move • This causes the crust of the earth to move around What is Pangaea? • Wegener’s hypothesis; all continents had once been joined together in a single land mass and have since drifted apart What is the evidence for Pangaea? • Fossil Evidence of plants and animals • Glacier evidence • Coal Deposits/Mountain evidence • Puzzle Fit of continents Who came up with Pangaea? Wegener How does Pangaea relate to Continental Drift? • Continental Drift: Wegener’s idea that the continents slowly moved over Earth’s surfaces causing Pangaea to break apart Why did people not believe Wegners theory of Pangaea and Continental Drift? Because Wegner could not identify the cause of continental drift or why the continents broke apart What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge? • Mid Ocean Ridge: longest chain of mountains in the world under the oceans. What is Sea Floor Spreading? What is the evidence that it is occurring? • Sea Floor Spreading: the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the seafloor Evidence 1. molten material 2. magnetic stripes 3. drilling samples How do subduction and trenches relate to one another? Subduction causes a trench to form Who came up with Sea Floor Spreading? Harry Hess Label Mid-Ocean Ridge Trench Volcano Subduction Magma Magnetic Strips Sea floor spreading Label Oldest Crust Newest Crust Lithosphere Basalt Asthenosphere Granite Draw New crust forms here What are Plates? • The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called plates What are faults? • Faults: breaks in the earth’s crust • Faults are formed along plate boundaries The Theory of Plate Tectonics Transform Boundary Motion Sliding past one another Effect Earthquakes Topography None created Volcanic Activity None Picture The Theory of Plate Tectonics Divergent Boundary Motion Spreading Effect Oceanic Lithosphere created Topography Ridge or Rift valley (Mid ocean ridge) Volcanic Activity Yes – lava pours out the cracks in the ocean floor Picture Draw this! The Theory of Plate Tectonics Convergent Boundary Motion Subduction Effect Oceanic Lithosphere destroyed Topography Trench Volcanic Activity Yes – as the plate submerges, it melts and can can rise back up to the surface as lava Picture How does density of plates relate to plate tectonics and subduction? The plate that is more dense will go under (subduct) the other plate. What is a Hot Spot? • Area where magma rises upwards and erupts in the middle of a plate Oldest Island Youngest Island Plate moving this way Hot Spot Use the map to explain the relationship between volcanoes/earthquakes and plate boundaries. • Earthquakes and volcanoes occur on plate boundaries