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Mediterranean Geography Ancient Greece & Ancient Rome Greece - Soil & Plants Vegetation is dependent on geographical regions. Due to the variety of land, there a some 6,000 indigenous species in Greece. In Ancient Greece, farmers grew olives, figs, grain, fruit and grapes in the fertile valleys. Soil & Plants However, other parts of Ancient Greece had drier soil and less vegetation, particularly around the cities. Although surrounded by sea water, they found it difficult to find fresh water away from the valleys. The high mountains also prevented large-scale farming, so the Greeks were forced to look beyond their own country for fertile land. Volcanic Another important aspect of the Greek environment is that it is very unstable. Greece is in the middle of a very volcanic zone, between the European and African tectonic plates. There are several active volcanoes and earthquakes are common. Mediterranean Geography Ancient Rome The Climate Climate is very similar to Ancient Greece with temperatures around 30 degrees in the summer and 15 in the winter. Hills & River The spot had a mild climate, good farmland & was in a strategic location. Built the city on seven hills that could be defended Farmed at the base of the hills & lived on the hilltops City was close to the Mediterranean Sea & its trade routes Lay next to the Tiber River, which aided trade & provided protection Italian Peninsula Rome’s location on the Italian Peninsula helped its development Surrounded by water on three sides Roman ships could sail to other lands surrounding the Mediterranean Helped in conquering new territories, developing trade routes Alps, Apennines mountains protected Rome, but didn’t isolate it Italy’s large plains made farming easier than in Greece Volcanic The area is also volcanic in origin, which makes the soil naturally rich in water springs & minerals. Hill made of tufa rock (hardened rocky sponge), which was used for building & construction.