Download Minerals and Rocks! - Comenius

Let's talk
about
minerals
and
rocks!
Topic 10
and 11!
Isabel Fernández
Pérez 1º B
What is a mineral, and a
rock?
• Minerals are naturally
occurring, inorganic, solid
substances. They have a
definite chemical
composition and specific
physical properties.
• Rocks are any natural,
inorganic material made up
of minerals.
What are minerals composed
of?
• Minerals are composed of
one or more chemical
elements.
• A chemical substance is
made up of only one kind of
atom.
• An atom is the smallest
particle of matter.
How are minerals extracted ?
• Minerals are found everywhere
in the Earth's crust.
• Some minerals are dispersed in
rocks.
• Other minerals occur mineral
beds in high concentration.
They are extracted in:
• -Surface mines.
• -Underground.
silicates MINERALS!
• Oxygen and silicon combined
together produce silicates.
Silicates are the most
abundant silicates on Earth.
• These common silicates make
up many rocks:
- Quartz, Feldspar, Olivine and
Mica which can be 2 types:
Muscovite and biotite.
What are the properties of
minerals?
• These are the properties of the
minerals:
• -Colour.
• -Shape.
• -Luster: can be metallic or non
metallic: waxy, dull or glassy.
• -Streak.
• -Cleavage.
• -Hardness.
What is Mohs Scale of
hardness?
• In 1812, Frederick Moh devised
the Mohs Scale of Hardness.
• He selected ten minerals and he
numbered them from 1 to 10.
• The Mohs scale is used to
measure the hardness of the
minerals.
• The highest number is the
hardest mineral and the lowest
number is the softest.
Talc-Talco 1
Gypsum-Yeso 2
Calcite-calcita 3
Fluorite- fluorita 4
Apatite- apatita 5
Orthoclase- Ortoclasa 6
Quartz- Cuarzo 7
Topaz- Topacio 8
Corundum- Corindón 9
Diamond- Diamante 10
How are rocks used?
• In the past the stones were used to make roads,
sculptures, buildings…etc.
• Nowadays the modern constructions are not
made of stones, they usually contain some form
of rock.
• Today we use rocks for:
• Construction materials, cement, plaster, ceramic
materials, decoration, containers, fuels and
chemical industries.
What are rocks?
• The solid part of the Earth is made up of rocks. Rocks
are any natural, inorganic material made up of minerals.
• Some rocks are made of a single substance. They are
called monomineralic rocks. Others can be found in
liquid form.
• Rocks are classified in:
• Igneous rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks.
• Metamorphic rocks.
What are sedimentary
rocks?
• The sedimentary rocks are classified into:
• Detrital rocks: are made up of fragments of
other rocks that are stuck together.
• Chemical sedimentary rocks: are made up of
mineral crystals of oceans, lakes and
groundwater that have dissolved in water.
• Organic sedimentary rocks: are made up of
plant and animal remains which have been
transformed into minerals.
Rocky and the journey
around the rock cycle!
• Hi, my name is Rocky
Hi, I'm
Rocky!
I am your guide on the journey
around the
rock cycle. The rock cycle is a continuous
process that occurs over millions of years. It
makes new rock, destroys old rock, and
recycles the ingredients of the Earth's crust
over and over again!
Rocky and the journey
around the rock cycle!
Look at all of
my processes!
The
end!