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1. _______mineral a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition A. “Naturally occurring”- made by ______- not man-made nature B. “Inorganic”- is not nor has it ever been ________ alive C. “Crystalline”- minerals are lined up in ________ repeating patterns D. “SOLID” E. “Definite chemical composition”certain elements in definite proportions 2. crystal ________- a solid plane in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns A. cubic B. tetragonal C. hexagonal D. orthorhombic E. triclinic F. monoclinic CUBIC HALITE TETRAGONAL HEXAGONAL WULFENITE BERYL ORTHORHOMBIC MONOCLINIC TANZANITE GYPSUM TRICLINIC MONTEBRASITE 3. Physical properties A. color _____- the mineral’s general color B. _______streak the color of the powdered mineral C. _______luster the way light is reflected from a mineral’s surface density D. ________-how tightly packed together the molecules of a mineral are; E.hardness ________- a mineral’s resistance to being scratched F. ________cleavage breaks on smooth surfaces; ________- the irregular breakage of a fracture mineral G. Other- taste _____ (salt), smell _____ (sulfur), ___________ _____ (jade) magnetism (iron), and sound 4. _____gems rare and highly prized minerals ores 5. ______minerals that can be mined at a profit silicon oxygen two most 6. ______and _______abundant elements in the Earth’s crust 7. rock- mixture of ________, minerals ______________, volcanic glass _____________, organic matter and ________________ other materials 8. Rock cycle- rocks are formed by __________, _______, weathering erosion heat ____, ________, pressure _______, melting _______, cooling __________ compaction and ___________ cementation 9. Major Rock types A. IGNEOUS B. SEDIMENTARY C. METAMORPHIC 10. _____________Igneous rocks rocks made from molten materials magma ______- underground melted materials ____lava above the ground melted materials A.Intrusive- formed under _____ Earth’s surface and eventually uplifted and uncovered by __________ weathering and erosion _______; magma cools ______; slowly _____ large crystals B. Extrusive- formed when lava cools ___________ at or above Earth’s surface; cools ____; fast small _____ crystals 11. sedimentary- 75% of all rocks on the _______; surface the only rocks that _________ originate on the Earth’s surface A.Methods of formation: 1) weathering __________ (breaking down) and erosion _______ (the moving around) of rock particles 2) compaction __________- pressure that squeezes out the air and water 3) cementation ___________- water that is dissolved with minerals “glues particles together and then they hardens B. Classification: 1) ________clastic broken pieces of other rocks and shells are cemented together; shale, sandstone, conglomerate chemical minerals are withdrawn 2)________from a solution or left behind after evaporation; halite and some limestone 3) _______organic rock formed from once living materials chalk _____- formed from shells of coquina coal ____- formed from dead plants that have been buried and pressurized 11. Metamorphic rock- rocks that have changed due to heat ____ and ________ pressure A. ________foliated contains parallel bands of minerals B. ____________non-foliated no banding; massive in form; mineral grains grow and rearrange