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本学期不再统一设置成绩构成，按照学校文件，
成绩构成各学院按原来通知的方式自行设置。考
试课成绩评定主要包含卷面、课堂测验（不少于
计划学时的1/5次）、课程小论文（教师自定讲
授课程是否引入小论文）、平时与作业，其中卷
面不低于50%，课堂测验不低于20%。不采用上
述成绩评定方式的，书面陈述理由，教研室主任
签署意见、教学院长审核、教务处审批。课堂测
验、课程论文、平时与作业三要素的成绩应在学
生考试前公布。考查课由任课老师自定。
60%, 20%,10%,10%
INTRODUCTION TO
SOIL MECHANICS
! WHAT IS IT?
Soil mechanics is the science of equilibrium and motion of soil bodies.
Here soil is understood to be the weathered material in the upper layers
of the earth’s crust.
! WHEN WAS IT BORN?
Soil mechanics has been developed in the beginning
of the 20th century. The need for the analysis of the
behaviour of soils arose in many countries, often as
a result of spectacular accidents, such as landslides
and failures of foundations.
It’s official start coincides with the publication of
Erdbaumechanik by Karl Terzaghi in 1925.
FOUNDATIONS
! WHAT PROBLEMS DOES IT ADDRESS?
FOUNDATIONS
SHALLOW
vs.
DEEP
Building
Building
Rock
FOUNDATIONS
! WHAT ARE THE ISSUES?
STRENGTH
STIFFNESS
FOUNDATIONS
STRENGTH
STIFFNESS
FOUNDATIONS
Including ones on the sea bottom
FOUNDATIONS
Metro Link Light Rail Stations,
St. Louis, MO
California Palace of the
Legion of Honor,
San Francisco, CA
SLOPES/LANDSLIDES
! WHAT ARE THE ISSUES?
1
??
??
STABILITY
SLOPES/LANDSLIDES
Jizukiyama Landslide, Japan, 1985
Vagnhärad Landslide, Sweden, 1997
RETAINING STRUCTURES
! WHAT ARE THE ISSUES?
STABILITY
RETAINING STRUCTURES
Cantilever Wall
Anchored Wall
RETAINING STRUCTURES
Boston Central Artery Project – The Big Dig
DAMS
! WHAT ARE THE ISSUES?
STABILITY
SEEPAGE
DAMS
Before
…and after failure
…during
Teton Dam, Idaho.
Failed June 5, 1976
EARTHQUAKES
Niigata, Japan 1964
Adapazari, Turkey 1999
Introductio
n
What’s the soil ？
rock
earth
weathering
grain stores
earth
soil：
is a complex mixture of inorganic matters and
other substances, formed by the process of weathering.
Why is Soil Mechanics Important?
• Virtually everything that civil engineers
build must be built on or with soil.
• The performance of constructed
facilities most often depend on soil
Introductio What’s included by soil
mechanics ?
n
base and main line
forerunner
permeation
characteristic
deformation
characteristic
strength
characteristic
specific
application
Chapter 1 Physical
properties and
Chapter 2 Soil of
permeability
classification
soil
and seepage problems
Chapter 3 Calculation of
stress in soil
Chapter 4 Compressibility of
soil
and
calculation
ground of
Chapter
5 Shearofstrength
settlement
soil
chapter6-8
Introduction
How to learn soil mechanics well？
notice basic characteristic of soil -
through contrast with other materials
pay attention to link theory with practice through field observation and test
study method concept，principle，method
relation among contents
need memory ，but needn’t rote
Jobs
• Work with geotechnical specialty firm
or with larger consulting firm
• Frequently out in field
• Interact with other disciplines
MULTIDISCIPLINARY
OTHER DISCIPLINES THAT WE INTERACT WITH:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hydrology
Geology
Structural Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Pavement Engineering
Materials Engineering
THE CHALLENGE
WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES?
• Soil is a complicated material that exhibits complex behavior
• Soils are encountered in a seemingly infinite number of forms
• Spatial variability may be substantial even at a given site
• Boring and sampling gives a very incomplete description
• Behavior often governed by “defects”
• soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering always involves uncertainty
• Strong use of analytical tools and empirical basis