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LAB 2: The Interior of the Earth Key Question: What does the interior of the Earth look like? Part D: Refraction of Earthquake Waves Earthquake Can travel through SOLID, LIQUID & GAS Can travel through the whole planet The P-waves change direction (REFRACT) at the boundary between the different layers of the Earth Can only travel through SOLIDS Cannot travel through the outer core S-waves can travel through the mantle because it is a semisolid SHADOW ZONES: Area on the Earth’s surface where seismic waves are not detected Caused by wave refraction Shows us that the Earth is LAYERED The core must be made of a different material than the mantle to make the waves refract LAB 2: VOCABULARY PART D 44. Shadow Zones Area on the earth’s surface where no seismic waves are detected due to refraction INSIDE THE EARTH The LAYERS: CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE CRUST Outermost Layer Earth’s Surface Cool & Rocky Very Thin The rigid, rocky outer surface of the Earth, composed mostly of basalt and granite. The crust is thinner under the oceans. MANTLE Dense, Hot Layer Semi-Solid Rock The rocky layer located under the crust OUTER CORE Liquid Layer (Molten) Liquid Iron & Nickel No S-Waves The molten iron-nickel layer that surrounds the inner core. INNER CORE Solid Layer Solid Iron & Nickel The solid iron-nickel center of the Earth that is very hot and under great pressure. LAB 2: VOCABULARY PART D 3. Asthenosphere Part of the mantle (just below the lithosphere) that has plasticity (the ability to flow) 31. Lithosphere Rigid, outer part of the earth made up of the crust and upper part of the mantle 21. Crust Rocky, outermost layer of the earth 24. Inner Core Innermost layer of the earth made of solid iron and nickel 51. Outer Core Layer of the earth made of liquid iron and nickel