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Mr. Johnson 2014 1. What does tension create? A normal fault 2. Why didn’t people believe Alfred Wenger’s theory? He could not explain the motion of the plates 3. How would you describe our inner core? Solid metal (iron and nickel) 4. How was the Appalachian Mountains created? continental-continental convergence 5. Where is the San Andréa's fault and how was it created? Southern California, transform plate boundary 1. Where was the largest earthquake in the world? Chile, 1969 2. Which earthquake scale measures only the largest wave? Richter Scale 3. What is Isostasy? The balance between the earth’s crust and mantle has the continental curst loses mass and oceanic gains mass 4. How and when were the Himalayan Mountains created? Continental-continental convergence 65 mya 5. How do Love Waves move? side to side motion 6. How would you describe the eruptions of Hawaii? Calm, quiet eruptions with only lava flows 7. How was the Ring of Fire created? Through the subduction of the Pacific Plate DRAW the three types of convergent boundaries AND list what is created at each. Provide Examples! Continental-Continental Forms Mountains Himalayans Oceanic-Oceanic Forms Island Arcs Fiji Continental-Oceanic Forms land volcanoes Mt. Saint Helens Describe the processes that occur along Mid Ocean Ridges as well as what is created. Plates are spreading, new land is being formed 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the cause of most earthquakes on earth? Tectonic movement During the quake in San Francisco in 1906, the major cause of damage was a _______________. fire Footwall Layer of rock wider at the base is called the ______________? Name the fault below as well as the STRESS (red boxes) applied to each: Compression Tension Normal Reverse Shearing Compression Thrust 5. Strike-slip Why is it Chile’s Earthquake was more powerful then Haiti’s yet there was more damage to Haiti. Be specific. Haiti- only 7.0, destruction cause by poor structures, over crowded and poor community for rescue, as well as occurred in a major city. Chile 8.8, has had earthquake in past and more prepared. Also occurred in farm and 1. Where and when was the largest earthquake in US history? Alaska, 1964 2. Where and when was the largest earthquake in the world? Chile, 1960 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What was the largest cause of deaths from the 2004 earthquake in the Indian Ocean? tsunami Although the San Andreas Fault is also plate boundary, the stresses applied Strike-slip are from shearing making it also a __________________________ fault. What is an upward fold in rock layers? anticline What type of fault is the result of one rock layer sliding over another at a low angle? Thrust fault surface Rayleigh waves are an example of _______________ waves. Which type of stress pulls and twists the rocks layer is two opposite direction? Shearing 1. What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus? Focus is the point of origin underground and epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus. 2. List, describe and DRAW the three main types of stresses. Compression Shearing Tension 3. What is a fault? Break in the earth’s surface where movement occurs 4. 5. 6. Which earthquake scale is used to measure the amount of damage done by an earthquake?Mercalli Scale Which earthquake scale is based of the biggest seismic wave of an earthquake?Richter Which type of seismic wave is the fastest? Primary (P) waves 1. How does the age of area B compare to the age of area C? C is younger than B and D 2. E A D B Describe what is formed at Area C? C New crust Ocean floor) is created 3. 4. 5. What type of plate boundary is area C? Divergent What type of boundary is Area D? Oceanic-Continental Convergent Describe the PROCESS that is occurring in Area B? Use the image to complete these DO Now Questions Subduction- ocean crust (ONLY) is pulled under the less dense plate and melts 6. 7. 8. What is the land formation that is created at Area D. Trench Describe the landform that is created at Area E. Land volcanoes How does the density compare from Area C to the bottom of the mantle? crust or newly-formed crust is LESS dense the rest of the mantle 9. List and describe THREE pieces of evidence to plate tectonics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Continents fit Fossils- examples? Paleomagnetism Rock layers Coal and glacier deposits What is the name and TYPE of the volcano above? Mt. Saint Helens, Composite Name AND describe 7 the parts of the Lava bombs volcano: Lava Vent 6 What is the name and TYPE of the volcano above? Hawaii. shield What is the name and TYPE of the volcano above? Paricutin, cinder cone 1 Pyroclastic Flow crater 2 3 conduit Lahar Magma chamber 4 5 1. What is the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere? The lithosphere is solid and lies on top of the asthenosphere which is part crust and part magma 2. What is uniformitariansim? The theory the geologic processes that happened in the past are most likely occurring today 3. What caused most of the 800 deaths with the eruption of Pinatubo? Volcanic Ash 4. Which type of lava has a higher viscosity? Aa, resists flow 5. How do tsunamis move? Like a wall of water, not like a curved surfers wave 1. What is the difference between erosion and weathering? Erosion moves sediment, weathering wears down rock into smaller or rounded pieces. What are the “spheres” of the Earth? Hydrosphere- water (all oceans and freshwater as well as in the air) Ecosphere- cycling minerals and elements (including Oxygen) Atmosphere-the gases that surround the earth Biosphere- all living things (plants, animals, bacteria…) Geosphere- The earths surface and interior) Anthrosphere- humans How are they important? Hydrosphere- the biosphere needs water to survive Ecosphere- animals need O2 and Plants need N, Ph and CO2 Atmosphere- provides magnetosphere, O2, CO2, Ozone Layer Geosphere- cores created Magnetosphere, Hornblende and volcanoes created water Anthrosphere- needs all of the above and is destroying all of the above 1. 2. What is the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the water molecules of surrounding materials? Capillary action Approximately what percentage of the Earth’s surface is Freshwater? 3% freshwater only 3. What are the spaces between rocks where water moves easily underground called? Aquifer Which country do you think has the MOST polluted rivers in the world? 5. Materials that allow water to pass through them easily are: Permeable 6. What are some unique qualities of water? 4. China released by heating of hornblende, found in all 3 phases, needed for all life, polar, solvent 7. What happens to water when it freezes? It because less dense because the bond changes from cubic (liquid) to hexagonal (frozen) 8. 9. increases When salt is added to water, the density _________________. What is the amount of dissolved minerals in water and how can it be tested easily? hardness- suds test What is the charge of H in water: Hydrogen is positive 2. Tightness across the surface of water that is caused by polar Surface tension molecules pulling on each other is called: 3. What is the toxic greenhouse gas that is given off from decaying waste and cattle production that has increased by 400% in 200years? Methane 4. Coal mining creates increased acidity and orange precipitate Acid Mine Drainage called: 1. Over the past 200 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has: Increased steadily, causing temperature to increase as well 6. Chlorine atoms from CFC’s in the stratosphere break down:Ozone 44% Runoff land 7. The main source of ocean pollution is: 8. Bleach as a pH of: 5. 14 Chemicals that are used to kill or deflect insects, fungus and bacteria are known as: Pesticides 2. What is the main gas released from burning coal, 50% of US electricity and what does it cause?Sulfur dioxide, acid rain Poles 3. The biggest impact of global warming has been observed in:and icecaps 4. The main greenhouse gases include: 1. 5. Carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide and water vapor desertification Deforestation causes _______________ of the soil. 6. Largest oil spill on earth released 520 million gallons of oil in ________________________. Kuwait in 1991 7. 80% of the trash is the ocean is Plastic Trash ____________________________. 8. The waste water that is composed of detergents, soaps and other sources of toxic chemicals from cruise ships is referred to as: Grey water 33% of ocean pollution comes from: The air 2. The Pacific Trash Heap of floating plastic trash is approximately Texas twice the size of: 3. The most recent oil spill in the United States occurred where? 1. The Gulf of Mexico 4. The two main acids given off from factories and cars that cause Sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide acid rain? 5. The toxic pesticide that is now banned from the United States is: DDT 6. The amount of suspended material in water is called: Turbidity 7. Runoff from land into our streams, rivers and oceans is caused drains (not SEWERS) by runoff into Storm ______________________. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Capillary______________ Action ______________ is demonstrated by water being absorbed by a paper towel? What is a land area where precipitation drains? Watershed Cohesion The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules is___________________? What is an area that is covered with a layer of shallow water during some or all of the year? wetlands What is the amount of suspended material in water? Turbidity What is the main type of chemical responsible for Eutrophication? nitrates and phosphate What is the chemical pesticide responsible for the cause of several large birds in the US to almost become extinct? DDT- process of bioaccumulation/biomagnification