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-super hot and solid -lies 4,000 miles below the surface -made up of iron and nickel -Liquid -1,400 miles thick -Band of melted iron and nickel -Begins at about 1,800 miles below the surface -Temps reach up to 8,500 F -Consist of silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, oxygen, and other elements -The mixture continually rises, cools, sinks, warms up, and rises again, releasing 80% of the heart generated from the earth’s interior -Rocky shell -ranges from about 2 miles thick under oceans -about 75 miles thick under mountains -its broken into more than a dozen great slabs called plates that rest- or actually float- on a partially melted layer in the upper mantle -plates carry the earths oceans and continents Continental drift- The theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart -Plates move gradually about 4 inches a year -They crash into each other, pull apart, or grind and slide past each other -This action constantly changes the planet, pushing up mountains, creating volcanoes, and producing earthquakes MAGMA-molten rock Plate Tectonics- all activities which create many of the earth’s physical features The process in which the heavier sea plate dives beneath the lighter continental plate - -during this process pieces of the earth’s crust come together slowly as the sea plate slides under the continental plate - A process by which new land is created when sea plates pull apart and magma wells up between the plates -Plates may grind of slide past each other, creating cracks in the earth’s crust -Faulting occurs when the folded land cannot be bent any further, the blocks crack and breaks into huge blocks Occur where different plates meet one another and tension builds up along fault lines as the plates stick, the strain eventually becomes so intense that the rocks snap and shift. Rocky plates melt as they dive downward into the hot mantle, if the molten rock is too thick, its flow is blocked and pressure builds