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Chapter 10-11 Study Notes Plate Tectonics and Deformation of Crust 1 • Modern climates are a result of past movements of _______ plates. – tectonic 2 • A _________ mountain is formed by magma eruptions on Earth’s surface. – volcanic 3 • When continental plates collide, _______ can be created. – mountains 4 • The theory that explains why and how _______ move is called ______ tectonics. – continents – plate 5 • Tectonic _____ are blocks of __________. – plates – lithosphere 6 • The splitting of ________ into two continents is part of the supercontinent ______. – Pangaea – cycle 7 • _______ are breaks in rock where rocks move, and _______ are bends in rock. – Faults – folds 8 • Scientists used the pattern of alternating normal and ________ magnetic polarity in rocks as proof of ________ ________. – reversed – seafloor – spreading 9 • Rocks that are ________ to a mid-ocean ridge are ________ than those farther away. – closer – younger 10 • Fault-block, ______, volcanic, _______ are all types of __________. – dome – folded – mountains 11 • Two plates _____ ______ each other horizontally at a ________ boundary. – slide – past – transform 12 • Tectonic plate movement affects _____ by creating mountains that affect ______ patterns. – climate – wind 13 • When two _____ plates collide the _______ plate _______. – oceanic – denser – sinks 14 • The crack in the ocean ______ through which magma rises is called a ______. – floor – rift 15 • Wegener’s hypothesis of __________ ____ was finally confirmed by evidence supporting the idea of _______ ________. – continental drift – sea-floor spreading 16 • When the oceanic and continental lithospheres collide, the oceanic plate _____ below the continental plate. – sinks 17 • The _______ Mountains were formed in a collision at a __________ boundary. – Himalaya – convergent 18 • Frequent ________ in an area may indicate tectonic plate __________. – earthquakes – boundaries 19 • Tectonic ______ can include both ______ and __________ crust. – plates – oceanic – continental 20 • ______ mountains form when _________ _______ . – Folded – continents – collide 21 • An example of a ________ boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California where two ______ are _______ ____ each other. – transform – plates – sliding past 22 • ________ patterns on the ocean floor were puzzling because they showed alternating bands of ______ and _______ magnetic polarity. – Magnetic – normal – reversed 23 • A _________ is a single landmass once formed by the _________. – supercontinent – continents 24 • Sea-floor spreading is the process by which new _______ lithosphere_______. – ocean – forms 25 • A mid-ocean ridge is an _________ _________ ______. – undersea – mountain – range 26 • ________ polarity is when Earth's magnetic field points _______. – Reversed – south 27 • Continental drift is a hypothesis that states that continents were once _______ and then broke _____. – joined – apart 28 • _______ zones happen along a plate boundary where one plate moves _______ another plate. – Subduction – under 29 • Plate _______ theory explains how large pieces of the __________ ______. – tectonics – lithosphere – move 30 • The _________ is the solid layer of plastic mantle rock that _____ very slowly. – asthenosphere – flows 31 • A _________ cell is a cycle in which heated material ______ and cooler material ______. – convection – rises – sinks 32 • The _______ is the _____ layer of Earth made up of the upper part of the mantle and the crust. – lithosphere – outer The End !!!