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1. Which of the following units would most accurately describe velocity? A) Hours, south B) Meters per second, south C) Meters per second D) Meters, south 1. Which of the following units would most accurately describe velocity? A) Hours, south B) Meters per second, south Velocity is speed (meter/sec) with a direction! C) Meters per second D) Meters, south 2. The boulder would have the greatest kinetic energy at which of the positions on the waterfall? A position 1 B position 2 C position 3 D position 4 1 4 2 B 3 2. The boulder would have the greatest kinetic energy at which of the positions on the waterfall? A position 1 (greatest potential energy due to position B position 2 (greatest kinetic energy or energy of motion ) C position 3 (no kinetic energy) D position 4 (no kinetic energy) 1 2 4 2 3 3. A yo-yo can demonstrate both potential and kinetic energy. When does a yo-yo have it greatest potential energy? A In the hand before the yo-yo is released B At the bottom of the string C When the yo-yo is falling D When the yo-yo is climbing the string 3. A yo-yo can demonstrate both potential and kinetic energy. When does a yo-yo have it greatest potential energy? A In the hand before the yo-yo is released (potential energy is highest, kinetic is lowest) B At the bottom of the string (lowest potential energy, highest kinetic energy) C When the yo-yo is falling (potential energy is being converted into kinetic energy) D When the yo-yo is climbing the string (kinetic energy being converted into potential energy) 4. Which of the following is an example of a wave? a. erosion b. an earthquake c. a volcano d. a glacier “B” is correct a. Erosion is the movement of earth material. Waves are moving energy. b. An earthquake is energy moving through the earth’s crust in the form of a seismic wave. c. A volcano is the pushing up of the earth’s surface by hot magma and/or gases. d. A glacier is a moving mountain of ice and soil. Waves are moving energy. Choices a, c, and d are moving Matter that require energy, but the seismic wave in the earthquake is energy. 5. Windmill farms are becoming a popular method of generating electricity for some communities. What form of energy in wind is used to turn the giant blades of the windmill? A. Chemical B. Mechanical C. Electrical D. Thermal 5. Windmill farms are becoming a popular method of generating electricity for some communities. What form of energy in wind is used to turn the giant blades of the windmill? A. Chemical (stored in the bonds of molecules) B. Mechanical (wind - movement of air molecules) C. Electrical (flow of electrons) D. Thermal (heat caused by the kinetic energy of molecules) 6. In a nuclear reactor, the energy used to turn water into steam is in what form? A. Chemical B. Nuclear C. Electrical D. Thermal The correct answer is “D”, thermal energy. The nucleus of the uranium atom contains nuclear energy, but this is converted into thermal energy when the nucleus is split. The thermal energy is then used to heat the water to the boiling point. 7. Which of the following can be used to transform chemical energy into heat energy? A. melting a candle Answer: B B. lighting a match C. solar panels D. light bulb 7. Which of the following can be used to transform chemical energy into heat energy? A. melting a candle (heat to kinetic) Answer: B B. lighting a match (chemical to heat) C. solar panels (light to heat) D. light bulb (electricity to light) 8. When the human heart contracts, it pumps blood to other parts of the body. When the heart contracts, the blood moves because the-A. B. C. D. Pressure to the heart increases Temperature of the blood increases Density of the blood increases Size of the heart increases Answer The correct answer is A This item about a beating heart demonstrates the relationship between biological processes, force, and motion. When the heart contracts, the increases pressure forces the blood to other parts of the body. Grade 8 TAKS Science Information Booklet, p. 37 9. As a lima bean seedling starts to grow into the soil the root tip is able to push through the soil because it acts as a -A. B. C. D. Wheel Pulley Gear Wedge Answer The answer is D The item shows how a seedling root acts as a simple machine (a wedge). Because of its wedge shape, the root tip needs less force to push through the soil. Grade 8 TAKS Science Information Booklet, p. 37 10.Which force causes the water to move downstream? A. B. C. D. Gravitational Chemical Electrical Solar The correct answer is A Gravitational force causes the water to move downstream. There is more potential energy at the top of the mountain than at the bottom. In streams that are flowing very fast, there is a dramatic change (decrease) in the height of the mountain from point A to point B (i.e. there is a bigger drop). The gravitational force is a noncontact force. 11. Which of the following describes the motion of the runner? A The runner is moving at a constant rate B The runner is moving slower at the end C The runner is speeding up D The runner’s speed was a constant 4 m/s 11. Which of the following describes the motion of the runner? A The runner is moving at a constant rate (incorrect distance changes faster than time; constant change is represented by a straight line) B The runner is moving slower at the end (incorrect - runner is getting faster) C The runner is speeding up (runner is accelerating, velocity is changing because speed is changing) D The runner’s speed was a constant 4 m/s (incorrect – speed is changing)