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BOOK REVIEW
List & Explain
the 5 Parts of the
Earth System
1.
Atmosphere
The part of the Earth System that
is made of the mixture of GASES
that surround the planet.
Geosphere
The part of the
Earth System
that is made of
the
EARTH ITSELF
(Crust, Mantle,
Inner and Outer
Cores.)
Hydrosphere
The part of the Earth System that is
the planet’s WATER
BIOSPHERE
The part of the Earth
System that is made of all
LIVING THINGS
Anthrosphere
The part of the Earth System
(BIOSPHERE) that includes all
HUMAN CREATIONS
2.
What is:
a statement that can
be proved or
disproved by an
experiment?
3.
What is the difference
between a
PHYSICAL model
&a
CONCEPTUAL
model?
PHYSICAL vs. CONCEPTUAL
• structures built to
• models developed in
represent something else
the mind
• A model car is built to
REPRESENT a real car
• The interior of the
Earth…we CANNOT
DIRECTLY
OBSERVE IT
4. Define the FOCUS &
EPICENTER of an earthquake.
Focusplace inside the
earth where
earthquakes
originate
Epicenterplace on Earth’s surface
above focus
5. What is the difference
between
P-Waves & S-Waves?
P-WAVES
S-WAVES
Are the ________
moving waves
Move
__________
than P-waves
Cause particles to
move
_____________
in place
Cause
particles to
move from
___________
Travel through
_______________
Travel only
through
_________
6. Define REFRACTION.
Refraction:
Change in
direction of a
wave due to
its change in
speed as it
passes from
one material
to the next.
7. How do we know the
Earth has layers?
• P-waves refract as
they travel through
the earth causing
shadow zones-areas on
the earth’s surface
where no seismic
waves are detected.
• S-waves stop at the
outer core because it
is liquid & s-waves only
travel through solids.
Which layer of the earth
has PLASTICITY (ability to flow)?
8.
MANTLE
ASTHENOSPHERE
CONVECTION
What FORCE in the
9.
mantle drives the
movement of the
Earth’s plates?
10.
Describe the theory of
PLATE TECTONICS.
The Earth’s crust is broken into plates
that move & interact with each other.
Compare the OCEAN crust
& the CONTINENTAL crust.
11.
Ocean Crust
– Thin
– MORE Dense
– Younger
Continental Crust
– Thick
– LESS dense
– Older
When an OCEAN
plate converges with
a CONTINENTAL
plate what happens?
Explain.
12.
Ocean – continent Convergence
•Ocean plate is subducted below continent
because it is denser.
•A trench forms above the subduction zone
in water
•A volcanic mountain chain forms on land
13.
List & describe the 3
types of plate
boundaries.
How fast does the Earth’s
lithospheric plates move?
14.
A few
centimeters per
year
15.
How are earthquakes, volcanoes
& mountains related?
They are mostly formed
along plate boundaries
Why do the Hawaiian
Islands exist today?
16.
A “HOT SPOT”
in the MANTLE burns through the CRUST
& forms a VOLCANO (MID-PLATE)
How does gas content of magma
effect the eruption of a volcano?
17.
LOW GAS: CALM Eruption
HIGH GAS: POWERFUL Eruption
What name did Alfred Wegener
give to his theory of the horizontal
movement of the Earth’s crust?
18.
CONTINENTAL
DRIFT THEORY
19.
List & explain 2 pieces of evidence
that we examined to support the
theory of continental drift.
•Fossil evidence
•Modern mammals on continents
•Continents look like “puzzle pieces”
•Glacial grooves
•Suture Zones
•GPS
What was the only ocean
at the time of Pangea?
Why is it shrinking today?
20.
• It is surrounded by subduction zones.
• The ocean floor is subducting into the mantle.
• We are losing Pacific ocean floor.
Describe the 2 natural hazards
related to the direct movement of
the Geosphere.
21.
Volcanoes
22.
List 3 warnings of a
volcanic eruption.
Warnings…
1. Gas escapes from around the
volcano
2. Volcano swells
3. Minor earthquakes occur
beneath the volcano