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Soil and Rapid Changes Review The breaking down of rock is called A. sedimentation B. weathering C. flow D. growth Why can floods be helpful? A. They can bring rich soil into an area. B. They damage many homes and roads. C. They make the Earth’s mantle stronger. D. They form new islands in the ocean. What is melted rock that has erupted from a volcano called when it reaches the surface? A. B. C. D. lava plate crust magma What happens when living things decompose? A. B. C. D. They store up fat for the winter. They grow healthy and strong. They have babies. Their parts break down into soil. What happens during weathering? A. Animals move to warm places for the winter B. Rocks crack and break into smaller pieces C. Water and wind carry away rocks and soil D. Bodies of ice travel slowly across land A landslide is a rapid movement of rocks and soil down a slope. Which would best describes how a landslide might change the surface of the Earth? A. increasing the flow of water over hills B. creating lakes at the bottoms of hills C. carving out valleys between hills D. removing Earth material from hills Which is the best description of how soil forms? A. Rocks weather into tiny bits over time and mix with humus to form soil. B. Plant nutrients turn minerals into soil. C. Fossil fuels combine to make soil. D. Oil seeps to the surface and turns into soil. How do you think this was formed? A. Sand blew against the rock to change its shape. B. Fire burned through the rock and made a hole. C. Animals dug a large hole through the rock. D. A plant’s roots grew into the rock and broke What can be done to a rock to turn it to the beginning stages of soil? A. Place it on the table B. Put in in the closet C. Hit it with a hammer D. Flip it upside down In addition to rock, what are the main components of soil? A. B. C. D. bacteria and microbes mushroom and other fungi worms and insects plant and animal remains Landslides and avalanches are similar in that theyA. carve out valleys and river beds B. quickly move large amounts of material C. are the result of heat from within the Earth D. build rock layers to create mountains What can cause earthquakes? A. Waves travel across the seas and break on land. B. Tectonic plates push and slip past each other. C. Strong winds can push apart pieces of land. D. Heavy rains make rivers overflow their banks. Both magma and lava are molten rocks. How are they different? A. Magma is underground and lava is on the surface. B. Magma can cool to form hills but lava cannot form hills. C. Lava is very cold and hard and magma is very hot. D. Lava flows to the mangle and magma flows to the crust. Which of the following forces would most likely cause the surface of the Earth to change the quickest? A. Formation of soil from the weathering of rocks B. An earthquake that cause a mountain to topple or crumble C. The widening of a river bank from water erosion D. Deposition of sediments that build up a delta What are the 4 components of soil? A. clay, loam, silt, sand B. rocks, sediment, ingenious, and metamorphic C. air, water, humus, and bits of rock Lava from a volcanic eruption can A. B. C. D. create a tornado carve valleys slowly make oceans freeze form new land Which sentence about volcanoes is true? A. Volcanoes do not erupt or form new islands. B. Volcanoes can spit out ash, molten rock, and gas. C. Volcanoes are all active and can erupt at any time. D. Volcanoes does not give good soil for farming. Which part of soil has bits of dead plants and animals? A. B. C. D. bedrock clay humus roots What most likely caused a change to the Earth’s surface in the picture below? A. B. C. D. wind volcano earthquake glacier The continuous breaking down of rock will lead to the formation of what A. B. C. D. water soil minerals coal