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Image Bank
Foldables
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice
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Image Bank
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Mineral
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Crystal
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Table –
Crystal
Systems
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Cooling Lava
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Halite Crystals (salt)
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Table:
Elements in
Earth’s Crust
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Brightly Colored Mineral
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Table – Mineral
Hardness
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Mineral with
Nonmetallic
Luster
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Streak
Test
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Gems
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Table – Minerals and Their Gems
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The Hope
Diamond
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Frying Pan
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Golf Club
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Calcite
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Foldables
Minerals
Make the following Foldable to help you better
understand minerals.
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Foldables
Fold a vertical sheet
of notebook paper
from side to side.
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Foldables
Cut along every third line of only the top layer
to form tabs.
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Foldables
Label each tab with a question.
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Foldables
Ask Questions
Before you read the chapter, write questions
you have about minerals on the front of the
tabs. As you read the chapter, add more
questions and write answers under the
appropriate tabs.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
1
Minerals
• Much of what you use each day is made
at least in some part from minerals.
• All minerals are formed by natural
processes and are inorganic solids with
definite chemical compositions and
orderly arrangements of atoms.
• Minerals have crystal structures in one
of six major crystal systems.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
2
Mineral Identification
• Hardness is a measure of how easily a
mineral can be scratched.
• Luster describes how light reflects from a
mineral’s surface.
• Streak is the color of the powder left by a
mineral on an unglazed porcelain tile.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
2
Mineral Identification
• Minerals that break along smooth, flat
surfaces have cleavage. When minerals
break with rough or jagged surfaces, they
are displaying fracture.
• Some minerals have special properties that
aid in identifying them.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
3
Uses of Minerals
• Gems are minerals that are more rare
and beautiful than common minerals.
• Minerals are useful for their physical
properties and for the elements they
contain.
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Chapter Review
Question 1
What is the difference between cleavage and
fracture?
Answer
Both refer to the way a mineral breaks.
Minerals that break along smooth surfaces
have cleavage. Those that break with uneven
surfaces have fracture.
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Chapter Review
Question 2
Hardness is the measure of how easily a
mineral can be __________.
A. streaked
B. refined
C. scratched
D. smelted
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Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is C.
Hardness is a
measure of how
easily a mineral
can be scratched.
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Chapter Review
Question 3
What is the streak of a mineral?
Answer
Streak is the color of a mineral when it is in
powdered form and is determined by rubbing
the mineral on an unglazed porcelain tile.
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Chapter Review
Question 4
Which of these is a term for metallic luster?
A. glassy
B. pearly
C. shiny
D. silky
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Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is C. Minerals with metallic luster
shine like metal. The remaining terms describe
nonmetallic luster.
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Chapter Review
Question 5
Which of the following is a unique property of
calcite?
A. fizzes when hydrochloric acid is put onto it
B. has a striking blue color
C. is attracted to magnets
D. is the softest mineral on the Mohs scale
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Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is A. Calcite fizzes when
hydrochloric acid is put onto it.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
An unknown mineral leaves an orange-red mark
when rubbed on unglazed porcelain tile. It has
about the same hardness
as your fingernail. What
is the identity of the
mineral?
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Standardized Test Practice
A. copper
B. galena
C. hematite
D. magnetite
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Copper has an orange-red
streak; hematite has a red-brown streak.
Copper is softer than hematite.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
What group of minerals is the most abundant in
Earth’s crust?
A. carbonates
B. dolomites
C. magnetites
D. silicates
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. Silicates are composed of
silicon and oxygen, which are the two most
abundant elements in Earth’s crust.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
A mineral has a red to brown streak and cannot
be scratched with an iron nail. What is the
identity of the mineral?
A. copper
B. galena
C. hematite
D. magnetite
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. Hematite has a red streak and
a hardness of 5.5–6.5. Since the hardness of an
iron nail is about 4.5, it will not scratch
hematite.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 4
If a mineral sample
can be scratched by
a steel file but not
an iron nail, what is
the hardness of the
sample?
A. 1–2
B. 2–3
C. 3–4
D. 5–6
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. The iron nail has a hardness
of 4.5, which will not scratch a mineral with
hardness of 5–6.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
Which mineral will
scratch gypsum but
not fluorite?
A. apatite
B. calcite
C. feldspar
D. talc
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The hardness of calcite is
greater than that of gypsum, but less than
that of fluorite.
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