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Transcript
What is Synthetic Biology? ELECTRICAL engineering solution MECHANICAL engineering solution water = weight water<weight BIOLOGICAL engineering solution BIOLOGICAL engineering solution BIOLOGICAL engineering solution A biological machine The instructions for the machine Figure 20.1 An overview of how bacterial plasmids are used to clone genes Genetic engineering involves moving existing genes from one organism to another. Synthetic biology involves constructing new genetic systems and turning cells into biological machines A bacterial photograph Bacteria engineered to change color based on light A LIVING HOUSE Terreform’s Fab Tree Hab Or… Bacteria that can test for Arsenic in water Bacterial computers Bacteria that detect mines Yogurt that cleans teeth These are not possible by evolution Engineered bacteria to change color based on light. Evolution didn’t do this! Engineers did… And they have… Synthetic biology is engineering How is engineering different from science? Synthetic Biology Standardization Abstraction Synthesis A+A+C+T+T… Genetic Engineering rDNA Sequencing PCR • Abstraction -- a term borrowed from software engineering to indicate the management of complexity inherent to biological parts and the systems made with them. Abstraction simplifies components by hiding, or "black boxing" information, facilitating their use and re-use Abstraction Hierarchy Part -- a nucleic acid-encoded biological function Parts promoter Ribosome binding site • Device -- an engineered genetic object that produces a humandefined function under specified conditions. Devices are produced by combining one or more standard biological part Eau d’coli • System- an engineered genetic object that produces a humandefined function under specified conditions. Systems are produced by combining one or more standard biological Device. Standardization a series of assembly and characterization rules. In time, these standards may allow the reliable physical and functional assembly of genetic parts into devices, and devices into systems Standard Assembly Std functional assembly??? An engineering paradigm Design Build Test • What precisely is the problem or opportunity you are focusing on? • How clear are you on an approach to make a dent in the problem? • What if your project is fully successful? How big a difference could it make? What concerns will it raise? • What other technologies can be used/have been used to address this area? • What don't you know? How big are the gaps in what you know? How much is completely unknown or unknowable?
