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Periodic Table Vocabulary 1. Alkali metals- Any of the highly reactive elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, occupying Group IA (1) of the periodic table. Sentence- The alkali metals react with water. 2. Alkaline Earth Metals- The alkaline earth metals are a series of elements comprising Group 2 (IUPAC style) (Group IIA) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be),... SentenceThe alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons. 3. Halogens- Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table. Sentence- The Halogens have seven valence electrons. 4. Inner transition elements- elements in the periodic table that have three shells filled with electrons, the shells are usually the three outer shells. Sentence-The Lanthanide Series are a part of the inner transition metals. 5. Lanthanide Series- the rare-earth elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71; having properties similar to lanthanum. Sentence- The lanthanide series has 15 elements. 6. Actinide series- a series of 15 radioactive elements with increasing atomic numbers from actinium to lawrencium. Sentence- The Actinide series contains radioactive elements. 7. Noble gases- Any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying Group 0 (18) of the periodic table. Sentence- The noble gas neon is used in neon signs. 8. Transition elements- Any of the metallic elements within Groups 3 to 12 in the Periodic Table that have an incomplete inner electron shell and that serve as transitional links between the most and the least electropositive in a series of elements. Sentence-The number of valence electrons in the transition elements varies. 9. Representative elements-The representative elements are all the elements in groups one, two, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen of the periodic table. Sentence- One group of the representative elements is the Halogens. 10. Chemical family- In Chemistry, family refers to a group of elements with similar chemical properties. Chemical families tend to be associated with the vertical columns on the periodic table. Sentence- One chemical family is the noble gases. 11. Atomic number- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. In electrically neutral atoms, this number is also equal to the number of electrons orbiting about the atom's nucleus. Sentence- The atomic number determines where the element is located on the periodic table. 12. Periodic table- a table of the elements, arranged in order of increasing atomic number, based on the periodic law. Elements having similar chemical properties and electronic structures appear in vertical columns. Sentence-The periodic table is accredited to Meledev. 13. Protons-a positively charged elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of all atomic nuclei. Sentence- The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an element. 14. Neutrons-A neutron is a subatomic particle contained in the atomic nucleus. It has no net electric charge. Sentence- Neutrons and protons make the atomic mass of an element. 15. Electrons-An electron is a negatively charged component of an atom. Electrons exist outside of and surrounding the atom nucleus. Sentence-In neutral atoms, there are the same number of electrons and protons. 16. Subatomic particle- Any of various units of matter below the size of an atom, including the elementary particles and hadrons. Sentence- Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all subatomic particles. 17. Nucleus- Nucleus means center. In chemistry, nucleus refers to the positively charged center of the atom containing protons and neutrons. Sentence- The nucleus contains almost all of the atomic weight an element. 18. Electric charge- A form of charge, designated positive, negative, or zero, found on the elementary particles that make up all known matter. Sentence- The electric charge of elements before a reaction, are all generally zero. 19. Valence electron- An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. Sentence- The number of valence electrons determines elements reactivity. 20. Atomic mass- The mass of an atom, usually expressed in atomic mass units. The mass of neutrons and protons. Sentence- The atomic mass is at the bottom of an elements’ rectangle on the periodic table of elements. 21. Groups- Columns of elements help define element groups. Elements within a group share several common properties. Groups are elements have the same outer electron arrangement. Sentence- Group one is the alkali metals. 22. Periods- A sequence of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number and forming one of the horizontal rows in the periodic table. Sentence- Elements in the same period have different reactions to the same elements. 23. Metals- A substance with high electrical conductivity, luster, and malleability, which readily loses electrons to form positive ions (cations). Sentence-Lithium is a highly reactive metal. 24. Non-metals- One of the elements which do not exhibit metallic properties, generally located in the upper right hand corner of the Periodic Table. Sentence- One famous nonmetal is neon, because of its use in neon signs. 25. Metalloids- an element with properties intermediate between those of a metal and nonmetal. Metalloids may also be defined according to their location on the Periodic Table. Sentence- Silicon is a metalloid. 26. Chemical symbol- A chemical symbol is a notation of one or two letters representing a chemical element. Sentence- The chemical symbol for gold is Au.