Download Today`s Objective: SOL 3.d

Today’s Objective: SOL 3.d
 Given
information and/or
diagrams on cellular respiration,
write and/or identify the cellular
respiration equation, raw
materials, products, and sites.
Cellular Respiration
Energy for life’s activities
Overview of Cellular Respiration
The life processes of all organisms
require energy.
 The potential energy held in the bonds
of food molecules CANNOT be used
directly by the cell.
 Energy from food must be converted to
the ONLY energy source that cells can
use ATP!

Cellular Respiration
Respiration is the process by which the
energy in the bonds of nutrients are
used to synthesize ATP.
 Respiration occurs continuously in all
cells of all organisms.

Anaerobic Respiration
Also called fermentation
 No oxygen is present
 1 Glucose only partially broken down to
form waste products and 2 ATP

Anaerobic Pathways

Glucose  2 lactic acid + 2 ATP
– Happens in muscle cells when they run out
of oxygen
– Happens in bacteria that make yogurt,
cheese, dill pickles

Glucose  2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP
– Happens in some bacteria
– Happens in YEAST
Aerobic Respiration
Has to have oxygen
 VERY EFFICIENT
 Most organisms on earth are aerobic
 1 glucose completely broken down to
carbon dioxide and water.
 C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + E

Aerobic Pathway
Takes place mostly in mitochondria
 3 primary steps:

– Glycolysis in cytoplasm: produces
pyruvate and 2 net ATP (anaerobic)
– Kreb’s cycle in matrix of mitochondria:
converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA (aerobic)
– Electron transport chain on membrane of
mitochondria: moves electrons to produce
34 ATP (aerobic)
Comparing Aerobic & Anaerobic
Cellular Respiration Pathways
Occurs in:
Aerobic (needs Anaerobic
oxygen)
(no oxygen)
Most
Mostly yeast
organisms
and bacteria
1 glucose
makes:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O Ethanol + CO2
or lactic acid
Net ATP
production:
36
2
Adaptations for Respiration

Bacteria, protists & fungi
– Respiratory gases are exchanged by
diffusion

Plants
– Respiratory gases are exchanged through
leaves, stems, and roots
– Moves in and out of cells by diffusion but
leaves and stems also have openings to
the environment (stomata and lenticels)
Adaptations for Respiration in
Animals

Techniques vary:
– Simple diffusion across cell membranes
– Diffusion across moist skin into a
circulatory system
– Openings to the environment that can be
flapped open and closed with a circulatory
system to transport gases
– Specialized respiratory structures (e.g.
lungs) to speed exchange of respiratory
gases