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Domain Archae # of cells Type of cell w/ regard to organelles Mode of nutrition Example species Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi # of cells Type of cell w/ regard to organelles Mode of nutrition Example species Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies and multicelled multicelled multicelled Kingdom Fungi multicelled, but rarely unicelluled # of cells Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies and multicelled multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic Type of prokaryoti cell w/ c regard to organelles Mode of nutrition Example species Kingdom Animalia eukaryotic Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi unicelled, multicelled colonies and multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled Type of prokaryotic prokaryotic cell w/ regard to organelles eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic Mode of nutrition autotrophic Photoheterotrophic heterotrophi or autotrophic heterotrohic but rarely hetero. # of cells Example species Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista unicelled unicelled Chemoautotrophi c autotrophic or heterotr. Kingdom Plantae eukaryotic # of cells Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae unicelled unicelled unicelled, multicelled colonies and multicelled Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled Type of prokaryotic prokaryotic eukaryotic cell w/ regard to organelles eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic Mode of nutrition Chemoautotrophi autotrophic c or heterotr. autotrophic or heterotrohic Photoautotrophi c but rarely hetero. heterotrophic heterotrophi Example species methan. halophiles thermo. Paramecium slime mold kelp moss apple fern sponge earthworm chimp yeast mushroom Penicillium E. coli Staph. cyanobact. Classification: Organizing the Unity & Diversity of Life Why organize? • Since Darwin – Known species increased to 1.8 million • Millions more to be discovered • Tropics & deep sea Systematics • Science of naming & grouping organisms – To understand diversity – To organize by evolutionary relationships • Taxonomy – Naming & grouping by criteria such as appearance Naming & Grouping • Naming: Genus species Felis concolor – Common names • confusing • not universal – Ex. • Cougar, puma, panther, mountain lion = Felis concolor http://www.exoticcatz.com/photoalbum/albums/userpics/10001/normal_cougar~0.jpg International confusion In UK, “buzzard” = hawk http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/ In US, “buzzard” = vulture http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2062/1895127243_b8956555d3.jpg Binomial nomenclature: (2-part scientific name) • Developed by – Linnaeus – Swedish botanist • You should know: – In Latin – In italics – 2 parts: • Genus – Group of closely related species • species – Description of habitat or important trait Ursus maritimus Ursus contains 5 other species of bears. maritimus means sea http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/POLAR%20BEAR.jpg Ursus arctos Can you guess what Acer rubrum looks like? Acer = maple rubrum = red http://www.raveplants.com/images/wettolerant/acer_rubrum.jpg Taxa = ranking level • Originally, Linnaeus had 4 levels • Now = 7 taxa Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Came Order Over Family Genus For Good species spaghetti Kingdoms then & now • Then – 2 kingdoms • Plants • Animals • Now – More kingdoms added as knowledge increases – 6 kingdoms • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia Domains • Larger category than kingdoms • 3 domains recognized – domain Bacteria: Eubacteria – domain Archaea: Archaebacteria – domain Eukarya: Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, “Protista” Modern Evolutionary Classification • Darwin’s “tree of life” – Descent with modification • Phylogeny = grouping by evolutionary descent – Share more recent common ancestor – Clade = includes all species from common ancestor http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/darwins_first_tree_of_life.jpg Cladogram • Shows how evolutionary lines branched off from common ancestors • Branch point (node) – Speciation • Root – Common ancestor DNA in classification • Shared genes determine evolutionary relationships – Ex. • • • • All Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria Mitochondria have their own genes Genes mutate over time Shared genes show how recently organisms shared common ancestor
