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Classification
Warm Up:

How would you sort the following objects
into categories?
Classification

Grouping organisms together based on
similarities and/or differences
Taxonomy

Branch of biology
that deals with
classifying
and naming living
things
Early Form of Classification
1.
Plants
-grasses
-herbs
-trees
2. Animals
-fish
-creeping creatures
-fowl
-beasts
-cattle
Carolus Linnaeus
Swedish botanist
 Founder of modern
taxonomy

Taxonomic Categories
Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species

Least
specific
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Most specific
Spaghetti
Humans
Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata
 Class: Mammalia
 Order: Primates
 Family: Homonidae
 Genus: Homo
 Species: sapien

Species
Term coined in 1600s
 Group of organisms that are structually
similar and are able to interbreed

Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial= 2 names
 Nomenclature = system for naming things

Common Name v. Scientific Name
Humpback Whale=
Megaptera novaeangliae
Killer Whale= Orcinus orca
Polar Bear = Ursus maritimus
Genus
Species
Abbreviation
Orcinus orca = O. orca
First letter of genus
name CAPATALIZED
and followed by a
period
italicized
Complete species
name
LOWERCASE
Try this one: Ursus maritimus
U. maritimus
What information do taxonomists
use to make classifications?
Structure (anatomy)
 Fossils (evolution)
 Cell structure
 Biochemistry (DNA, RNA, protein)
 Embryo structures
 Behavior

5 kingdoms
Plant
 Animal
 Fungi
 Protista
 Monera

Important Vocabulary
Prokaryotic: having no nuclear membrane
 Eukaryotic: having a nuclear membrane

Autotroph: can make its own food (a.k.a.
producer)
Heterotroph: must eat its food (a.k.a.
consumer)
Each lab group will receive an
assortment of animals
Divide the animals into 2 equal groups
based on some characteristic. Label these
groups A and B.
 Divide A into groups C and D based on
another characteristic.
 Divide B into groups E and F based on
another characteristic.

Animals in
the bag
On the lines
write the
distinguishing
characteristic
B
A
C
D
E
F
Warm up:

Which organisms are most closely related?
Wolf
Golden
Retriever
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Canidae
Canidae
Felidae
Canis
Canis
Puma
lupis
lupis familiaris
concolor
Cougar
Which of the following would be
organisms that are most closely
related?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Same
Same
Same
Same
Class
Order
Kingdom
Species
Which one of the following is
most closely related to a
Palawan Badger – Mydaus
marchei ?
A.
B.
C.
North American Badgers – Taxidea taxus
Eurasian Badgers – Meles meles
Javan Stink Badger – Mydaus javanensis
Kingdom Monera
All prokaryotic organisms
 Mostly unicellular
 Includes bacteria
 Most bacteria absorb nutrients
(heterotrophs)
 Blue-green bacteria use photosynthesis
(autotrophs)

Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotic
 Mostly unicellular
 Protozoa- motile protista which feed on
bacteria
 Algae- protista which carry out
photosynthesis

Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotic
 Mostly multicellular
 Parasites (use host for food) or
decomposers (eat dead organisms)
 Possess cell walls but no chloroplasts
 Includes molds, yeast, mushrooms

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotic
 Multicellular
 Cell wall and chloroplasts
 Sessile (do not move from place to place)

Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryotic
 Multicellular
 Nervous system
 Invertebrates- (no backbone) sponges,
worms, insects
 Vertebrates- (backbones) fish, snakes,
humans

Which kingdom contains the
most species?
Kingdom Animalia
New Classification Categories:
3 Domains
Shows classification as well as evolutionary history