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6.6 6.5 6.4 Bacteria (log cfu / cm2 of tissue) 6.3 6.2 6.1 6 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 WT 35S::At4g29150 Supporting Information Fig. S1 Over-expression of At4g29150 does not enhance resistance against PstDC3000. Wild-type and 35S::At4g29150 plants were inoculated with PstDC3000 and bacterial growth scored at 5 days post challenge. Data points are the average of three technical replicates (±SD). This experiment was repeated with similar results. WT ads1-D Supporting Information Fig. S2 Callose deposition in the ads1-D line relative to wild-type plants at 6 hours post inoculation of PspNPS3121. Images were generated at 20 X with a Nikon Eclipse E600 epifluorescence microscope using a UV filter. WT ads1-D Supporting Information Fig. S3 Callose deposition in the ads1-D line relative to wild-type plants at 48 hours post inoculation of Bgt. Images were generated at 20 X with a Nikon Eclipse E600 epifluorescence microscope using a UV filter. 7 Disease index 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 WT ads1-D 35S::ADS1 Supporting Information Fig. S4 Challenge of the given Arabidopsis genotypes with B. cinerea. The PJH2 isolate of B. cinerea (Nurmberg et al., 2007) was grown on oat meal and 1⁄2 potato dextrose agar media, respectively. Fungal spore density was adjusted to 5 x 105 spores per ml in 1⁄2 potato dextrose broth. This B. cinerea spore suspension was sprayed onto 4-week-old Arabidopsis plants that were maintained at 100% humidity for 4 days. Data points are the average of three replicate samples (±SD). Student’s t test confirmed there were no significant differences at p = 0.05 between pathogen growth in ads1 lines relative to WT plants. 7.5 Bacteria (log cfu / cm2 of tissue) 6.5 5.5 4.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 WT rADS1-2 rADS1-3 Supporting Information Fig. S5 Depletion of ADS1 transcript accumulation promotes basal resistance. Growth of PstDC3000 in wild-type and two additional rADS1 lines at 0 (hatched bar), 3 (white bar) and 5 (black bar) dpi. Data points are the average of three technical replicates (±SD). Student’s t test confirmed significant differences at p = 0.05 between bacterial growth in the rADS1 lines relative to WT plants. This experiment was repeated with similar results. ads1-D 35S::ADS1 WT Supporting Information Fig. S6 ROI accumulation in ads1-D, 35S::ADS1 and wild-type plants in the absence of pathogen challenge. The levels of ROIs in the indicated genotypes were determined by DAB staining. Two representative DAB stained leaves for each plant line are shown. ads1-D WT ads1-D rbohD ads1-D rbohF ads1-D rbohD rbohF Supporting Information Fig. S7 ROI accumulation in ads1-D double and triple mutants. The levels of ROIs in ads1-D, wild-type, ads1-D rbohD, ads1-D rbohF and ads1-D rbohD rbohF were determined by DAB staining. Three representative DAB stained leaves for each plant genotype are shown. Supporting Information Table S1 Change in ADS1 transcript levels during attempted pathogen infection or in response to defence-related cues or abiotic stresses. All data from Genevestigator at http://www.arabidopsis.org/. Treatment Average FoldInduction Relative to Untreated Control Defence signalling molecules Ethylene Methyl-jasmonate (0.5 h) Methyl-jasmonate (2 h) Methyl-jasmonate (6 h) Salicylic acid 3.1 1.6 2.7 1.6 -1.4 Biotic stress PstDC3000 (avrB) PstDC3000 (avrRPS4) B. graminis -1.4 -1.3 -2.0 Abiotic stress Cold shock Heat shock (roots) -1.63 -1.58