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Microbiology
Agustin Krisna Wardani
What is microbiology?
Study of microscopic (living ) things  microorganism
The three-domain system is
a biological classification introduced
by Carl Woese in 1990
Size of microbes
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Bacteria : 1.0 – 0.5 x 1.0 – 10 mm
Fungi : 8.0 – 15 x 4.0 – 8 mm
Alga
: 28 – 32 x 8.0 – 12 mm
Protozoa: 0.01 – 0.5 mm
Virus
: 0.015 – 0.3 mm
(Human eye) can see 0.1 mm (1 x 10-3 m)
Tools of Microbiology
Light Microscope
- live specimens
- 1,000 x mag. or less
 Electron Microscope
- non-living specimens
- > 1,000 x mag.
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Microscope
Light microscope
Electron microscope
Techniques of Microbiology
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Staining – to better see structures
Microbial Culture - growing the microbe
Container for microbe culture
- usually Petri dish
Culture media
- Food for the microbes
- E.g. Agar – (from red algae)
- Others such as nutrient broths
Staining
Solid media
Liquid media
Scope of Microbiology
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Environmental Microbiology
Industrial Microbiology
Agricultural Microbiology
Medical Microbiology
Food Microbiology
What is the importance of
studying microbiology?
Benefits
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Genetic engineering
Synthesis of chemical products
Recycling sewage
Bioremediation: use microbes to remove
toxins (oil spills)
Use of microbes to control crop pests
Manufacture of food and drink
Harmful effects
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Cause disease (basis for bioterrorism)
Food spoilage
Food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
Flu virus
HIV
Listeria
Yersinia
History of Microbiology
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1590 – First compound light microscope
Zacharias Janssen
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1674 –Van Leeuwenhoek discover
microorganism
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1796 – First vaccine (smallpox)
Edward Jenner
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1859 – disproved theory of Spontaneous
generation
Pure culture technique
Louis Pasteur
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1867 Antiseptic Surgery/techniques
Joseph Lister
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1876 – specific m.o cause specific
diseases
Pure culture technique
Robert Koch
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1885 - Vaccine against
Rabie
Louis Pasteur
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1929
Discovery of Penicillin
(first antibiotic)
Alexander Fleming
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1938 – First Electron
Microscope
The electron microscope is capable of
magnifying biological specimens up to one
million times. These computer enhanced
images of 1. smallpox, 2. herpes simplex,
and 3. mumps are magnified, respectively,
150,000, 150,000 and 90,000 times.
History
1953 Structure of DNA Revealed
Watson & Crick
1954 Polio Vaccine
Jonas Salk
Microbiology today
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Immunology  clinical application of immune
reaction, diagnose disease.
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Virology  phage therapy
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Genetic engineering/ Recombinant DNA
Tech.  improvement of microorganism
References:
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Introduction of Microbiology,
Third Edition. 2004.
John L. Ingraham, Catherine A. Ingraham.
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Principles of Modern Microbiology. 2008.
Mark Wheelis.