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Why Classify? To name organisms and group them in a logical manner. All pictures below look very different, but all are classified in the general category of mammals. Classification- A grouping of objects or information based on similarities Taxon is the group that animals belong to Taxonomy- the branch of biology concerned with the grouping & naming of organisms Carolus Linnaeus: 1707 - 1778 History of Classification Linnaeus’ System of Classificationstill used today 7 levels from largest to smallest: Based on physical characteristics and close relationships Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Phillip Came Over From Germany Swimming King Phillip Can Order Five Green Shakes. TAXONOMY The order from the smallest to the largest group is the following: species--are the most related and can breed together genus-share many things in common like similar teeth, feet and claws family-more general but still share many characteristics in common Taxonomy continued order- broad category, composed of similar families class-more general than order-share characteristics that are even more general -warm blooded, have hair, feed their young Phylum-includes large number of very different organisms that share body features or internal functions. Kingdom-largest group, all animals are in kingdom Animalia and all plants are in the kingdom Plantae What is Binomial Nomenclature? Binomial Nomenclature- scientifically naming using 2 words. (Latin words) •Genus: First word, always capitalized. Group of closely related species. •Species: Second word, lowercase. Descriptive. Genus species - whole name italicized Genus Species common name Homo sapiens Humans Eurycea bislineata Salamander Ways of diagramming Classification Phylogenetic trees- show hierarchy & relationships Cladograms= focuses on evolutionary linkage The SIX Kingdoms of LIVING organisms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Formerly Monera The 6 Kingdoms Eubacteria -new bacteria - Prokaryotes - cell walls with peptidogylcan - unicellular - Autotroph or Heterotroph - Examples- Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaebacteria-old bacteria - Prokaryotes - Cell walls w/o peptidoglycan - Unicellular - Autotroph or heterotroph Halophiles- love salt Methanogens-love methane Protists - Eukaryotic - Some have cell walls of cellulose & chloroplasts - Unicellular or Multicellular - Autotroph or heterotroph - plantlike, animal like, fungus like - Ex-Ameoba, Kelp, Slime Mold Over 100,00 species Fungi - Eukaryote - cell walls of chitin - Unicellular or Multicellular - heterotroph, absorbs nutrients from dead - Examples- mushroom, yeast Fungi Plants - Eukaryotes - cells walls of cellulose, chloroplasts - multicellular - Autotroph-Photosynthesis - Examples- mosses, ferns, flowering plants Over 10,00 species Animals - Eukaryote - no cell walls or chloroplasts/have cell membrane - Multicellular - Heterotroph - Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals CONCEPT MAP Living Things are characterized by Eukaryotic cells and differing Important characteristics which place them in Cell wall structures such as Domain Eukarya Prokaryotic cells which is subdivided into which place them in Domain Bacteria which coincides with Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Plantae Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista Kingdom Animalia